Implicating neuroinflammation in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala with cognitive deficit: a narrative review.

Neuroinflammation is known to be a contributing factor for several neurological disorders as well as cognitive dysfunction. Different signalling pathways, and a variety of supporting cells of CNS are suggested to be involved in the progression of neurodegeneration. Among the factors contributing to neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation takes a lead role according to recent research, since persistent peripheral inflammation is believed to disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Repurposing the hypoglycaemic agents for neuroinflammation, a comprehensive review.

The shared pathways between neuroinflammation and diabetes mellitus involve the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent production of the IL-1β. Chronic hyperactivation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and innate immunity are implicated in neurological disorders and diabetes. Repurposing drugs with anti-inflammatory properties allows for faster clinical translation in neuroinflammation as compared to developing new drugs from scratch.

Chronic β-carotene, magnesium, and zinc supplementation together with metformin attenuates diabetes-related complications in aged rats.

Aged type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are linked with lower serum levels of total antioxidant activity, magnesium and zinc, particularly under uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Uncontrolled oxidative stress is an established contributor to diabetic complications. Magnesium is a cofactor for ∼600 enzymes, while zinc is a part of ∼3000 human proteins, essential for intermediary metabolism.

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide model of neuroinflammation-associated neurodegeneration in Wistar rats: A comparison between different durations of lipopolysaccharide induction.

Background And Aim: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation can be the most dependable animal model for studying neurodegeneration mechanisms driven by systemic inflammation-induced neuroinflammation. Hence, this study aimed to standardize the LPS model of neuroinflammation by comparing the effect of relatively low-dose LPS administered for different durations on the induction of neurodegeneration in Wistar rats.

Materials And Methods: Six groups of six adult Wistar rats per group were used in the study.

A Prospective Study of the Medication Regimen Complexity Index and Hospitalization Due to Adverse Drug Reactions Among People Living with HIV.

: The complexity of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in people living with HIV (PLHIV) poses significant challenges for medication management, impacting adherence and overall health outcomes. The Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) is a tool that quantifies regimen complexity, yet its correlation with hospitalization rates and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in PLHIV remains underexplored. : This prospective study, which was conducted at a government-funded antiretroviral treatment center, investigated the relationships among MRCI scores, hospitalization due to ADRs, and the ADR rates in 285 PLHIV participants over 18 months.

Outcome of resveratrol and resveratrol with donepezil combination on the β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease.

The goal of this research was to study the effect of different doses of resveratrol (RS) and RS with donepezil (DPZ) on the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in colchicine-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. The study included three months old male Albino  rats and consisted of six animal groups: AD model (group 1), treatment groups, RS 10 mg/kg body weight (group 2), RS 20 mg/kg body weight (group 3), RS 10 mg/kg body weight along with DPZ 1 mg/kg body weight (group 6), prophylaxis groups, RS 10 mg/kg body weight (group 4) and RS 20 mg/kg body weight (group 5). In the treatment groups, RS was given for 7 consecutive days from the day of induction of AD, and in the prophylaxis groups, we started RS 7 days even before the induction of AD and continued for seven days after the induction.

Clinical pharmacology and pharmacogenomics for implementation of personalized medicine.

With the aim of integrating clinical pharmacology with pharmacogenomics and providing a platform to gather clinicians, academicians, diagnostic laboratory personnel and scientists from related domains, the International Conference on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics 2023 (ICCPP 2023) was jointly organized by the Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India and the CANSEARCH research platform in Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. The conference was held on 31 August and 1 September 2023, as a continued Indo-Swiss scientific exchange event series. In this report we describe the proceedings of this conference for the benefit of peers who could not attend the conference but are interested in knowing about the scientific program in detail.

Effect of resveratrol and combination of resveratrol and donepezil on the expression of microglial cells and astrocytes in albino rats of colchicine-induced Alzheimer's disease.

Aim: The goal was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol (RS) and combination therapy of RS and donepezil (DPZ), on the numerical expression of microglial cells and astrocytes, in the frontal cortex, regions of the hippocampus in colchicine-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model.

Methods: The study involved male albino rats of three months, age and consisted of 6 groups, with six animals each. The immunohistochemical staining with mouse monoclonal anti-human CD 68 and mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP was performed to assess the number of microglial cells and astrocytes, respectively.

Liver injury associated with drug intake during pregnancy.

Drug use during pregnancy is not common. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a potential complication that is rare but can adversely affect both the mother and the fetus. Although many drugs can directly cause hepatotoxicity, idiosyncratic liver injury is common in pregnancy.

Levetiracetam exposure during prenatal and postnatal period induces cognitive decline in rat offsprings, not completely prevented by .

Objectives: Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic recommended during pregnancy. is a medicinal herb used in Ayurveda for improvement of cognition. Data on effects of LEV and Bacopa on cognition is inadequate.

Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is commonly seen in older individuals. This is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, which leads to dementia. Pharmacological treatments for AD are mainly targeted on its symptoms like memory loss and cognitive impairment.

Health Literacy Status and Understanding of the Prescription Instructions in Diabetic Patients.

This study aimed to assess the health literacy (HL) of patients having diabetes mellitus, their understanding of prescription instructions (PI), and the correlation between HL and understanding of PI. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 263 adult diabetic patients who were assessed for their understanding of route of intake of the prescribed medication(s), frequency of intake, number of medication(s) to be consumed each time, indication for the medication(s), and the relation of drug intake with food. The HL of the patients was assessed by using Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, a screening test comprising of 66 health-related words.

Anxiolytic activity of aqueous extract of in rats.

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate anxiolytic effect of (CS) and possible mechanism on acute and chronic administration in rats.

Materials And Methods: Eight groups of rats with six in each group were used. Group I served as control.

Effect of Tribulus terrestris on Haloperidol-induced Catalepsy in Mice.

Haloperidol, an antipsychotic drug, leads to the development of a behavioural state called catalepsy, in which the animal is not able to correct an externally imposed posture. In the present study we have attempted to evaluate the anticataleptic effect of Tribulus terrestris on haloperidol-induced catalepsy in albino mice. Mice were allocated to four groups, each group containing six animals.

A Critical Evaluation and Comparison of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Elective Surgeries Across three Hospitals.

Objectives: 1. To evaluate and compare the pattern and rationality of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy in elective surgeries. 2.