Oral contraceptive use and its sociocultural determinants in Iranian women: a secondary cross-sectional analysis from the PARS cohort study.

Background: This study addresses a gap in global research by exploring sociocultural factors and health outcomes related to oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use among middle-aged Iranian women, where non-prescription access is common. It aims to identify determinants of OCP use and its association with chronic diseases in this demographic.

Methods: This study was a secondary cross-sectional analysis which was conducted using baseline data from the Pars Cohort Study, launched in 2012 and included a sample of 4,034 married middle-aged women aged 45–64 years residing in Fars Province, Iran.

Twin and triplet discordance in retinopathy of prematurity: a call to integrate genomic, placental, and environmental determinants.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of preventable blindness in preterm infants, especially in multiple births such as twins and triplets. Although the incidence of ROP in these groups is well-documented, the discordance in disease severity among siblings has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to quantify the discordance of ROP in twins and triplets and to identify associated predictive factors.

Spontaneous disseminated hydatidosis with uterine involvement in an 8-year-old child: a multidisciplinary approach.

Background: Spontaneous disseminated hydatidosis is a rare manifestation of Echinococcus tapeworm infection, especially in pediatric patients. This case report presents an unusual instance of multi-organ involvement in an 8-year-old Afghan girl living in Iran, a hydatid disease endemic region.

Case Presentation: The patient presented with progressive abdominal distension, intermittent pain, nausea, and vomiting.

New-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic ketoacidosis: a sentinel presentation of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Summary: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), typically linked to type 1 diabetes or acute illness in type 2 diabetes, can rarely be triggered by pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA). Though 80% of PA patients have glucose intolerance, DKA is exceptionally uncommon, with fewer than 20 documented cases. A 52-year-old woman with new-onset type 2 diabetes presented with altered mental status, abdominal pain, and 23 kg weight loss over 2 months.

Diagnosis of a locally aggressive basal cell carcinoma in an uncommon location: The nasal vestibule - A case report.

Background: BCC (BCC) is the most common form of nonmelanocytic skin cancer, particularly prevalent in sun-exposed areas like the head and neck. BCC in the nasal vestibule is rare, with an incidence of only 0.01 %.

Seborrheic keratosis in an uncommon location: A case study of auricular involvement.

Background: Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is a benign neoplasm frequently observed on the head, neck, trunk, and extremities, with infrequent occurrences in the auricle and external auditory canal. This condition typically manifests as multiple small lesions, although it can occasionally present as large solitary tumors, particularly in older individuals.

Case Presentation: We present a case involving a 74-year-old male who exhibited a pruritic, progressively enlarging papillomatous lesion on the left auricle, which had developed over a span of eight years.

Peritonsillar abscess complicated by internal carotid artery aneurysm in a pediatric patient with congenital hypoplastic posterior communicating artery: A case report.

Background: Deep neck space infections, particularly peritonsillar abscesses, can lead to severe complications in pediatric patients, including vascular injuries such as internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms. Although rare, these complications require prompt recognition and intervention to prevent life-threatening outcomes.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 14-year-old male presenting with a rapidly enlarging left-sided neck bulge, dysphagia, and fever persisting for two weeks.

Genetic Insights Into Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome: A Case Report of an ANTXR2 Mutation Featuring a Rare Variant c.697+1G>A.

Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS) is a rare genetic disorder encompassing juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) and infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH), caused by mutations in the anthrax toxin receptor 2 gene (). This condition leads to the accumulation of hyaline plaques in the skin and organs, resulting in symptoms such as skin lesions, joint contractures, and digestive issues, often culminating in early mortality due to infections or diarrhea. By 2005, 20 mutations in linked to ISH and JHF had been documented, impairing cellular adhesion to the laminin matrix.

Unveiling the uncommon: Cholesterol granuloma in the nasopharynx of a young patient.

Background: Cholesterol granulomas are benign cystic lesions primarily found in the petrous apex of the temporal bone, often presenting diagnostic challenges due to their similarity to other lesions. Known for containing cholesterol-rich fluid, these granulomas can cause chronic inflammation and a range of symptoms, from mild headaches to severe neurological issues.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 14-year-old Iranian female with recurrent flu-like symptoms, nasal congestion, dysarthria, and obstructive sleep apnea.

Management of nasopharyngeal stenosis post-tonsillectomy using the Madame Butterfly technique: A case report with novel approach.

Background: Nasopharyngeal stenosis (NPS) is an uncommon but significant complication that arise following tonsillectomy in adults, leading to manifestations including obstructive sleep apnea and dysphagia. This condition is often rare, underscoring the need for awareness and effective management strategies.

Case Presentation: We present a case involving a 48-year-old female who developed nasopharyngeal stenosis (NPS) 15 months after undergoing a tonsillectomy.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue: A case study highlighting surgical management of an exceptionally rare entity.

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that accounts for <1 % of head and neck malignancies, with an estimated involvement of the tongue at approximately 3 %.

Case Presentation: This report presents a case of a 42-year-old male with no significant history of tobacco or alcohol use, who developed a painless, progressively enlarging mass on the ventral surface of his tongue over the course of eight months. Initial surgical resection confirmed the diagnosis of ACC, which necessitated a right hemiglossectomy followed by radiotherapy to address potential residual disease.

Lentigo maligna melanoma of the face: Clinical insights from a case of recurrence following surgical excision.

Background: Lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) are the most prevalent subtypes of melanoma, primarily affecting sun-exposed areas of the face in individuals aged 65 to 80 years. LM accounts for approximately 80 % of in situ melanomas and carries a risk of progression to LMM, which constitutes 4 % to 15 % of global cutaneous melanoma cases. This report discusses the clinical challenges and management strategies for recurrent LM, with an emphasis on accurate diagnosis and surgical intervention.

Ocular invasion in sinonasal malignant melanoma: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare and aggressive malignancy associated a poor prognosis, prognosis. It is by delayed presentation and nonspecific symptoms. The incidence of SNMM is low, with and there are challenges in achieving local control and managing distant metastases.

Cystic lymphangioma of the head and tail of the pancreas in a middle-aged Iranian woman: A case report.

Introduction: Lymphangioma is a benign neoplasm that involves the lymphatic vessels in multiple anatomical regions, including the pancreas, where it is exceptionally rare, with a prevalence of only 0.2 %. These tumors, often found in children, are uncommon in adults and may present with symptoms like abdominal pain, distention, and nausea.

Simultaneous Association of Variations in the Origin and Diameter of the Left Vertebral Artery in a Patient with a C1 Lateral Mass Tumor.

The anomalous origin of a hypoplastic Left Vertebral Artery (LVA) from the aortic arch is a rare anatomic variant. This study discusses the case of a patient with a C1 lateral mass tumor that surrounded a dominant Right Vertebral Artery (RVA) according to preoperative computed tomography angiography, with a hypoplastic LVA originating from the aortic arch. Surgery was performed, and the patient recovered uneventfully.