2'-O-methylation and N6-methyladenosine enhance the oral delivery of small RNAs in mice.

Studies have demonstrated that small RNAs originating from plants can be taken up by the human digestive system and play a role in regulating gene expression. However, the impact of naturally occurring RNA modifications in these small RNAs on their absorption has been underexplored. Here, we show that 2'-O-methylation (2'-O-Me), N6-methyladenosine (mA), and 5-methylcytidine (mC) exhibit high abundance in small RNAs (18-30 nt) derived from herbal decoction.

Brain-model neural similarity reveals abstractive summarization performance.

Deep language models (DLMs) have exhibited remarkable language understanding and generation capabilities, prompting researchers to explore the similarities between their internal mechanisms and human language cognitive processing. This study investigated the representational similarity (RS) between the abstractive summarization (ABS) models and the human brain and its correlation to the performance of ABS tasks. Specifically, representational similarity analysis (RSA) was used to measure the similarity between the representational patterns (RPs) of the BART, PEGASUS, and T5 models' hidden layers and the human brain's language RPs under different spatiotemporal conditions.

Bencaosome [16:0 Lyso PA+XLGB28-sRNA] improves osteoporosis by simultaneously promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in mice.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease resulting in reduced bone strength and increased susceptibility to fractures, making it a significant public health and economic problem worldwide. The clinical use of anti-osteoporosis agents is limited because of their serious side effects or the high cost of long-term use. The Xianlinggubao (XLGB) formula is an effective traditional Chinese herbal medicine commonly used in orthopedics to treat osteoporosis; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear.

Oral administration of herbal oligonucleotide drug JGL-sRNA-h7 ameliorates hyperglycemia in db/db mice and beagle dogs.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disease, posing a considerable threat to public health. Oligonucleotide drugs have proven to be a promising field of therapy for the diseases. In this study, we reported that a herbal small RNA (sRNA), JGL-sRNA-h7 (B34735529, F1439.

A comprehensive analysis of the Bencao (herbal) small RNA Atlas reveals novel RNA therapeutics for treating human diseases.

Cross-kingdom herbal miRNA was first reported in 2012. Using a modified herbal extraction protocol, we obtained 73,677,287 sequences by RNA-seq from 245 traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), of which 20,758,257 were unique sequences. We constructed a Bencao (herbal) small RNA (sRNA) Atlas ( http://bencao.

Robust singlet fission process in strong absorption π-expanded diketopyrrolopyrroles.

Singlet fission (SF) has drawn tremendous attention as a multiexciton generation process that could mitigate the thermal loss and boost the efficiency of solar energy conversion. Although a SF-based solar cell with an EQE above 100% has already been fabricated successfully, the practical efficiency of the corresponding devices is plagued by the limited scope of SF materials. Therefore, it is of great importance to design and develop new SF-capable compounds aiming at practical device application.

Distinctive Excited State Symmetry Breaking Dynamics in Typical Donor-Acceptor-Donor Fluorophore: Strong Photoluminescence and Ultrafast Charge Separation from a Partial Charge Transfer State.

Understanding the structure-property relationships in organic semiconductors is crucial for controlling their photophysical properties and developing new optoelectronic materials. Quadrupolar molecules, donor-acceptor-donor (DAD), have attracted extensive attention in various optoelectronic applications. However, the systematic studies on the differences on photophysical properties between DAD and simple donor-acceptor (DA) chromophores are rarely reported.

H-Type-like Aggregation-Accelerated Singlet Fission Process in Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione Thin Film: The Role of Charge Transfer/Excimer Mixed Intermediate State.

Through the combination of transient spectroscopy and theoretical simulations, an accelerated singlet fission (SF) process was evidently observed in the strongly coupled H-type-like aggregation thin films of a dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione skeleton. Results elucidate that in this H-type-like aggregation, the substantially stabilized charge transfer (CT) state is close in energy with singlet and excimer states, resulting in a CT/excimer mixed state, which could drive excited-state population escaping from excimer trap and promote an ultrafast and highly efficient SF process. Our results not only enrich the limited capacity of SF materials but also contribute to an in-depth understanding of SF dynamics in H-type aggregation, which is of fundamental importance for designing new SF sensitizers and implementing practical SF applications.

18:0 Lyso PC, a natural product with potential PPAR-γ agonistic activity, plays hypoglycemic effect with lower liver toxicity and cardiotoxicity in db/db mice.

Rosiglitazone, a specific agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), displays a robust hypoglycemic action in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and elicits serious adverse reactions, especially hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Here, we aims to find a new natural PPAR-γ agonist with less adverse reactions than rosiglitazone in db/db mice. The method of virtual screening was used to identify a PPAR-γ agonist 18:0 Lyso PC from an in-house natural product library.