Endobronchial Valve Therapy versus Lung Volume Reduction Surgery in the United States.

Background: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and endobronchial valve placement (EBV) are therapeutic options in advanced emphysema. We sought to compare the two using a national dataset.

Methods: Using the United States Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services inpatient claims database, we evaluated beneficiaries with severe emphysema undergoing either LVRS or EBV in accordance with Medicare reimbursement criteria.

Salvage surgery is safe and effective for clinical stage III non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: The utility of surgery for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has yet no consensus. Surgery is mainly deployed in a planned multimodality regimen or as a salvage option after definite chemoradiation. We sought to explore outcomes after salvage surgery, planned surgery or oncological treatment alone for clinical stage III NSCLC.

Evaluating the pain at site, onset of action, duration and anesthetic efficacy of conventional, buffered lidocaine, and precooled lidocaine with intraoral cryotherapy application in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A clinical study.

Aim: Injection pain and incomplete anesthesia can lead to procedural failure, causing fear and anxiety among patients. The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate pain at the site, the onset of action, duration, anesthetic efficacy, and success rates of conventional, buffered, and precooled 2% lidocaine of an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP).

Materials And Methodology: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 45 patients with deep carious lesions having moderate-to-severe pain in the mandibular first molar teeth were selected.

Clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer with occult pathologic N1 and N2 disease after segmentectomy: does a completion lobectomy justify?

Objectives: When final pathology shows pathologic N1 or N2 disease after a pulmonary segmentectomy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), completion of lobectomy could be considered and recommended as an option for treatment. We explored outcomes after segmentectomy for clinical stage IA NSCLC with occult pN1 or pN2 disease.

Methods: We identified clinical stage IA NSCLC undergoing segmentectomy or lobectomy from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2010 and 2020.

Intersection of Race, Rurality, and Income in Defining Access to Minimally Invasive Lung Surgery.

Background: Race is a potent influencer of health care access. Geography and income may exert equal or greater influence on patient outcomes. We sought to define the intersection of race, rurality, and income and their influence on access to minimally invasive lung surgery in Medicare beneficiaries.

Where Do International Medical Graduates Matriculate for Internal Medicine Training? A National Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: In 2020, roughly 25% of applicants who matched into internal medicine (IM) residencies were international medical graduates (IMGs). We examine 12-year trends in distribution of IMGs among IM training programs and explore differences in program perceptions towards IMG recruitment.

Methods: Since 2007, Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine Annual Surveys have collected data about trainees by medical school graduate type.

Lifestyle Factors and Other Influences on Medical Students Choosing a Career in Emergency Medicine.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine which lifestyle factors influence medical students who choose a career in emergency medicine (EM).

Methods: Final-year medical students from 10 medical schools were surveyed after the National Residency Match Program match but prior to graduation regarding preferred medical specialty and lifestyle preferences. Responses from students pursuing EM regarding importance of lifestyle factors were compared to students interested in other specialties.

Does Increased Schedule Flexibility Lead to Change? A National Survey of Program Directors on 2017 Work Hours Requirements.

Background: The learning and working environment for resident physicians shifted dramatically over the past two decades, with increased focus on work hours, resident wellness, and patient safety. Following two multi-center randomized trials comparing 16-h work limits for PGY-1 trainees to more flexible rules, the ACGME implemented new flexible work hours standards in 2017.

Objective: We sought to determine program directors' (PDs) support for the work hour changes and programmatic response.

Separate but Equal? The Sorting of USMDs and Non-USMDs in Internal Medicine Residency Programs.

Background: The US internal medicine workforce relies on international and osteopathic medical graduates to fill gaps in residency. Little is known about the distribution and impact of IMGs, DOs, and USMDs concentrating in different types of IM programs.

Objective: Determining the extent to which USMDs, DOs, and IMGs concentrate in different types of IM programs and comparing Board pass rates by program concentration.

Specialty and Lifestyle Preference Changes during Medical School.

Purpose: Medical student specialty choices have significant downstream effects on the availability of physicians and, ultimately, the effectiveness of health systems. This study investigated how medical student specialty preferences change over time in relation to their demographics and lifestyle preferences.

Method: Students from ten medical schools were surveyed at matriculation (2012) and graduation (2016).

Geriatrics Curriculum Needs Assessment for Dermatology Residency Programs.

Background: Geriatric patients account for a growing proportion of dermatology clinic visits. Although their biopsychosocial needs differ from those of younger adults, there are no geriatrics training requirements for dermatology residency programs.

Objective: This study explored the state of geriatrics education in dermatology programs in 2016.

Pain control using liposomal bupivacaine versus bupivacaine for robotic assisted thoracic surgery.

Background Despite a trend towards minimally invasive thoracic surgeries over thoracotomies, patients can still experience significant post-operative pain. Literature on the use of liposomal bupivacaine in patients undergoing robotic surgeries is lacking. Objective To compare pain control via intercostal nerve block with liposomal bupivacaine to bupivacaine for patients undergoing robotic assisted thoracic surgery.

Preliminary Validity Evidence for a Milestones-Based Rating Scale for Chart-Stimulated Recall.

Background: Minimally anchored Standard Rating Scales (SRSs), which are widely used in medical education, are hampered by suboptimal interrater reliability. Expert-derived frameworks, such as the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones, may be helpful in defining level-specific anchors to use on rating scales.

Objective: We examined validity evidence for a Milestones-Based Rating Scale (MBRS) for scoring chart-stimulated recall (CSR).

Postinterview Communications: Two Surveys of Internal Medicine Residency Program Directors Before and After Guideline Implementation.

Purpose: Guidelines surrounding postinterview communication (PIC) after residency interviews were issued by the National Resident Matching Program and Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine. How they have influenced PIC and program directors' (PDs') reasons for PIC is unknown.

Method: Annual surveys of 365 U.

Awareness of Bullying in Residency: Results of a National Survey of Internal Medicine Program Directors.

Background: Bullying of medical trainees is believed to occur more frequently in medical education than once thought.

Objective: We conducted a survey to understand internal medicine program director (PD) perspectives and awareness about bullying in their residency programs.

Methods: The 2015 Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine (APDIM) annual survey was e-mailed to 368 of 396 PDs with APDIM membership, representing 93% of internal medicine residency programs.

Role Models' Influence on Specialty Choice for Residency Training: A National Longitudinal Study.

Background: Role models in medical school may influence students' residency specialty choice.

Objective: We examined whether medical students who reported clinical exposure to a role model during medical school would have an increased likelihood of selecting the role model's specialty for their residencies.

Methods: We conducted a 5-year prospective, national longitudinal study (2011-2016) of medical students from 24 US allopathic medical schools, starting from the middle of their third year.

Medical Students' Perspectives on Careers in Hospital Medicine: A National Study.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Concerns over burnout and other factors may influence whether students pursue hospital medicine as a career.

Standardized residency training in China: the new internal medicine curriculum.

China formally established a system of national standardized medical residency training in 2014, which affects the health of its 1.4 billion people. Accompanying this system were new guidelines and standards for internal medicine residency training.

How do clinical competency committees use different sources of data to assess residents' performance on the internal medicine milestones?A mixed methods pilot study.

Purpose: This study examines how Clinical Competency Committees (CCCs) synthesize assessment data to make judgments about residents' clinical performances.

Methods: Between 2014 and 2015, after four six-month reporting periods to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), 7 of 16 CCC faculty at Rush University Medical Center completed questionnaires focused on their perspectives about rating residents on their achievement of the milestones and participated in a focus group. Qualitative data were analyzed using grounded theory.

Surveys of Health Professions Trainees: Prevalence, Response Rates, and Predictive Factors to Guide Researchers.

Purpose: To establish a baseline overall response rate for surveys of health professions trainees, determine strategies associated with improved response rates, and evaluate for the presence of nonresponse bias.

Method: The authors performed a comprehensive analysis of all articles published in Academic Medicine, Medical Education, and Advances in Health Sciences Education in 2013, recording response rates. Additionally, they reviewed nonresponse bias analyses and factors suggested in other fields to affect response rate including survey delivery method, prenotification, and incentives.