Nonsurgical Removal of Improvised Nasogastric Tubes Entrapped in the Urethra in Two Male Dogs.

In two castrated male dogs, entrapment of a nasogastric feeding tube, which had been used as an improvised urethral catheter, occurred during intermittent urethral catheterization. In both cases, multiple failed attempts to remove the catheter raised concerns about catheter entrapment, which was subsequently confirmed via abdominal radiography. To facilitate removal, both dogs were placed under deep sedation using IV butorphanol (0.

Investigation of microbial contamination of commercial Romanowsky stain variant solutions used in veterinary clinics.

Background: Diff-Quik (DQ) staining is widely used in clinical practice for its ease of use and rapid results. However, its potential contamination remains a concern.

Hypothesis/objectives: This study aimed to investigate DQ solution contamination in veterinary hospitals and identify factors affecting it through a questionnaire on stain usage practices.

First report of iron-overload myopathy due to secondary hemochromatosis in a dog.

Importance: Hemochromatosis is rare in domestic animals, and iron-induced myopathy has not been reported in veterinary medicine. This case is the first report of iron-overload myopathy owing to hemochromatosis in a dog.

Case Presentation: A 9-year-old spayed female Donggyeong dog presented with severe forelimb lameness.

Topical dexamethasone decelerates epithelial migration on the canine tympanic membrane.

Background: Epithelial migration (EM) is integral to normal ear structure and function. Glucocorticoids are considered the first-line therapy for various external ear disorders; however, their effects on EM on the tympanic membrane (TM) and the external auditory canal (EAC) are understudied.

Hypothesis/objectives: To test the hypothesis that topical dexamethasone decelerates EM on the TM, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of topical dexamethasone on EM on the TMs of dogs.

In vitro effects of N-acetylcysteine in combination with antifungal agents against Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from canine otitis externa.

Background: Many clinicians prescribe antifungal agents to treat canine otitis externa (OE). However, studies evaluating the antifungal effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and its combinations are limited.

Hypothesis/objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effects of NAC alone and in combination with other antifungal agents against Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from canine OE.

Red ginseng extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced platelet-leukocyte aggregates in mice.

Background: Platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) play important roles in cardiovascular disease and sepsis. Red ginseng extract (RGE) has been well-studied for its antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the potential inhibitory effects of RGE on PLA have not been investigated.

Decreased SMP30 Expression Is Related With EMT in the Kidneys of Two Siberian Tigers With CKD.

Background/aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common causes of mortality in wild non-domestic felidae. The molecular mechanism regulating renal fibrosis in nephropathy is not fully understood especially in the felidae. This study aimed to elucidate senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) expression patterns and its relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by immunostaining in two necropsied Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) with CKD.

In vitro effects of omeprazole in combination with antifungal compounds against Malassezia pachydermatis.

Background: Fungal and yeast infections, including those caused by Malassezia spp., are becoming increasingly difficult to treat, likely due to the occurrence of drug resistance.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effects of omeprazole (OME), a proton pump inhibitor, against antifungal-resistant Malassezia pachydermatis and to investigate the potential synergistic effects between OME and other antifungal compounds.

Tick Populations and Molecular Analysis of Species in Ticks from the Republic of Korea.

The present study was performed to survey the dominant tick populations and molecularly determine the pathogenic agents of anaplasmosis in ticks from Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea. A total of 3825 questing ticks were collected by the flagging method from 12 sites near animal farms in Gyeongsang from March to October 2021. A molecular genomic study was performed with ticks stored in 70% ethanol to detect genes by the previously described method.

Effect of Photodynamic Therapy with Chlorin e6 on Canine Tumors.

This work aims to prepare pure Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and establish Ce6-mediated photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT) as a better therapy option for canine tumors as well as mouse tumor models. Five dogs suffering from various cancers were treated with Ce6-PDT from one to several times. After receiving the Ce6 (2.

Heat Stress during Summer Attenuates Expression of the Hypothalamic Kisspeptin, an Upstream Regulator of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis, in Domestic Sows.

The release of reproductive hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is regulated by its upstream regulator, kisspeptin, and influenced by external stresses, including heat stress. Since the effect of heat stress (summer infertility) on hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in domestic sows is not yet understood, the present study attempted to identify changes in kisspeptin expression in different seasons (summer and spring). The high atmospheric temperature in summer decreased the pregnancy rate and litter size and increased stress-related hormones as a chronic stressor to domestic sows.

Clinical features and management of snake bites in 70 dogs in Korea.

Background: Snakebites remain a devastating and life-threatening environmental hazard. While the management of snakebites has been well described in humans, few clinical data and guidelines exist for dogs, especially in Korea.

Objectives: This retrospective study evaluated the clinical features of 70 dogs with snakebite wounds in Korea.

The stability and in vitro antibacterial efficacy of enrofloxacin and gentamicin solutions against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius over 28 days.

Background: Many clinicians prepare compounded otic solutions to treat otitis externa (OE). Research evaluating the stability and antimicrobial efficacy of these solutions is limited.

Hypothesis/objectives: This study determined the chemical stability and in vitro bactericidal efficacy of compounded solutions of enrofloxacin and gentamicin during storage for 28 days.

Combination of immunosuppressive drugs and allogeneic stem cell treatment in a dog with suspected nephrotic syndrome.

The case study aims to describe the nephrotic syndrome (NS) in a castrated 3-year-old male Cocker Spaniel dog. The patient arrived at the hospital with a loss of appetite and weakness. Skin oedema with ascites was observed along with hypoalbuminaemia, hypoproteinaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, and proteinuria (urine protein to creatinine ratio = 22.

PPIA, HPRT1, and YWHAZ are suitable reference genes for quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in sows.

Objective: The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the most accurate and reliable technique for analysis of gene expression. Endogenous reference genes (RGs) have been used to normalize qPCR data, although their expression may vary in different tissues and experimental conditions. Verification of the stability of RGs in selected samples is a prerequisite for reliable results.

Canine Stem Cell Conditioned Media Accelerates Epithelial Migration in the Canine Tympanic Membrane.

Similar to skin, epithelia in the tympanic membrane (TM) regenerate and move toward the opening of the external ear canal, a process called epithelial migration (EM). EM is important for maintaining healthy ears because this process removes cerumen and debris. Therefore, increasing the rate of EM or TM regeneration could be very important for healthy ear maintenance and function.

A suspected case of a multiple autoimmune syndrome in a poodle dog.

A 9-year-old castrated male poodle dog was presented with icterus, anorexia, and lethargy. The dog was diagnosed with hypothyroidism 1 month before and was treated with levothyroxine. Severe anaemia with spherocytes, positive saline agglutination test, and hyperbilirubinemia indicated immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA).

IFN- Licensing Does Not Enhance the Reduced Immunomodulatory Potential and Migratory Ability of Differentiation-Induced Porcine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Xenogeneic Application.

IFN- licensing to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is applied to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs. However, although the features of MSCs are affected by several stimuli, little information is available on changes to the therapeutic potential of IFN--licensed differentiated MSCs during xenogeneic applications. Therefore, the present study is aimed at clarifying the effects of adipogenic/osteogenic differentiation and IFN- licensing on the immunomodulatory and migratory properties of porcine bone marrow-derived MSCs in xenogeneic applications using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Antibiofilm activity of silver nanoparticles against biofilm forming Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs with otitis externa.

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known to possess antimicrobial properties. Although the antibiofilm activity of AgNPs has been demonstrated in humans, this activity has not yet been elucidated in veterinary medicine.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

Nuclear VEGFR-2 Expression of Hepatocytes Is Involved in Hepatocyte Proliferation and Liver Regeneration During Chronic Liver Injury.

Background/aim: The pathological role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) in chronic liver injury and liver regeneration is not fully understood. This study analysed the role of VEGFR-2 in liver fibrosis and its regeneration process.

Materials And Methods: We administered intraperitoneally 50 mg/kg to 300 mg/kg thioacetamide (TAA) to 9-week-old male mice for 17 weeks.

TATA box binding protein and ribosomal protein 4 are suitable reference genes for normalization during quantitative polymerase chain reaction study in bovine mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been extensively used in the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research to elucidate their characteristics and clinical potential by normalization of target genes against reference genes (RGs), which are believed to be stably expressed irrespective of various experimental conditions. However, the expression of RGs is also variable depending on the experimental conditions, which may lead to false or contradictory conclusions upon normalization. Due to the current lack of information for a clear list of stable RGs in bovine MSCs, we conducted this study to identify suitable RGs in bovine MSCs.

The effect of an ex vivo boosted immune cell therapy on canine atopic dermatitis: an open, uncontrolled pilot study.

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is associated with an imbalance between multiple T lymphocytes and cytokines. Ex vivo boosted immune cell (EBIC) therapy is the sequential administration of ex vivo cultured and activated lymphocytes to patients to improve immune function.

Objective: This pilot study aimed to assess the safety of EBIC therapy and demonstrate its efficacy as a novel treatment for cAD.

In vitro bactericidal activity of 465-470 nm blue light phototherapy and aminolevulinic acid on Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

Background: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the principal pathogen causing bacterial skin infections in dogs. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involving the combination of light and a topical photosensitizer is used to treat human skin infections. Although the antimicrobial effects of PDT have been demonstrated using in vivo and in vitro studies in humans, its effects on dogs and their pathogens are unclear.