Associations Between Visual Impairment and Homebound Status, Home Hazards, and Support Service Utilization: The National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Objective: To examine the association between visual impairment (VI) and (1) homebound status, (2) presence of home hazards, and (3) utilization of home-based long-term services and supports (LTSS) among older adults.

Design: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses using National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) data (2021-2023).

Subjects: 3,022 Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥71 years (mean age 78.

Gait Metrics in Elderly Fallers and Non-Fallers with Varying Levels of Glaucoma: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study.

To understand the impact of falls on gait in those with poor sight, we examined how gait changed after falls in older adults with varying degrees of visual impairment from glaucoma. Participants were classified as fallers or non-fallers based on prospective falls data from the first study year. Injurious fallers were those who suffered injuries from falls.

Fifteen-year incidence of presbyopia in south India: the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study.

Purpose: The Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study III (APEDS III) is a 15-year follow-up involving 5395 participants (83.7%) first examined in APEDS I (1996-2000). Our aim was to determine the incidence of presbyopia and sociodemographic risk factors in those aged 16 years and above at baseline.

Changing trends in barriers to accessing eye care services in rural South India: results from the longitudinal Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study III (APEDS III) cohort.

Purpose: To assess the changing trends in barriers towards accessing eye care in a rural population cohort from Southern India.

Methods: This is a population-based longitudinal cohort of participants (the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease study [APEDS]) from three rural regions of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh who were evaluated at baseline (APEDS I; 1996-2000), along with follow-ups at 10 years (APEDS II; 2009-10) and 15 years (APEDS III; 2012-2016). At follow-up, all participants 30 years and above were administered a structured questionnaire on barriers to uptake of eye care services.

The Quantitative Impact of Visual Function on Accelerometer-measured Physical Activity in Older United States Adults: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Analysis.

Purpose: To explore the impact of objective vision measures on novel metrics of objectively-measured physical activity (PA) in a nationally representative sample of United States (US) older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Participants: Adults had their distance and near visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) tested.

Incidence of primary open angle glaucoma in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS).

Background: To report 15-year incidence rate of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS).

Methods: A population-based longitudinal study was carried out at three rural study sites. Phakic participants aged ≥40 years who participated at baseline (APEDS I) and the mean 15-year follow-up visit (APEDS III) were included.

Retinal ganglion cells encode differently in the myopic mouse retina?

The etiology of myopia remains unclear. This study investigated whether retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the myopic retina encode visual information differently from the normal retina and to determine the role of Connexin (Cx) 36 in this process. Generalized linear models (GLMs), which can capture stimulus-dependent changes in real neurons with spike timing precision and reliability, were used to predict RGCs responses to focused and defocused images in the retinas of wild-type (normal) and Lens-Induced Myopia (LIM) mice.

Visual impairment and blindness due to retinitis pigmentosa in India: 15-year follow-up of the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study cohort.

Purpose: To assess the incidence, visual impairment, and blindness due to retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in a rural southern Indian cohort.

Methods: This is a population-based longitudinal cohort study of participants with RP from the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS) cohorts I and III, respectively. The study included participants with RP of APEDS I who were followed until APEDS III.

Regional variation in the incidence of pseudo-exfoliation in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS).

Background: To report the 15-year incidence rate of pseudo-exfoliation (PXF),  PXF glaucoma and regional variation among rural participants in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS) III.

Methods: This population-based longitudinal study was carried out at three rural study sites. Individuals of all ages who participated at baseline with a mean 15-year follow-up visit were included.

The Effect of Low-Dose Atropine on Alpha Ganglion Cell Signaling in the Mouse Retina.

Low-dose atropine helps to control myopia progression with few side effects. However, the impact of atropine, a non-selective muscarinic Acetylcholine (ACh) receptor antagonist, on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) remains unclear. After immersing the cornea and adjacent conjunctiva of enucleated eyes in 0.

Functional connexin35 increased in the myopic chicken retina.

Our previous research showed that increased phosphorylation of connexin (Cx)36 indicated extended  coupling of AII amacrine cells (ACs) in the rod-dominant mouse myopic retina. This research will determine whether phosphorylation at serine 276 of Cx35-containing gap junctions increased in the myopic chicken, whose retina is cone-dominant. Refractive errors and ocular biometric dimensions of 7-days-old chickens were determined following 12 h and 7 days induction of myopia by a -10D lens.

Fifteen-Year Incidence Rate of Primary Angle Closure Disease in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study.

Purpose: To report on the 15-year incidence of primary angle closure disease (PACD) among participants aged ≥40 years in rural southern India DESIGN: Population-based longitudinal incidence rate study METHODS: Setting: 3 rural study centres.

Study Population: Phakic participants aged ≥40 years who participated in both examination time points.

Observation Procedures: All participants at the baseline and at the mean 15-year follow-up visit underwent a detailed interview, anthropometry, blood pressure measurement, and comprehensive eye examination.

Incidence, Incident Causes, and Risk Factors of Visual Impairment and Blindness in a Rural Population in India: 15-Year Follow-up of the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study.

Purpose: To report 15-year incidence rate of visual loss (blindness and visual impairment [VI]), causes, and risk factors for participants in Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study III (APEDS III).

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Methods: From 2012 to 2016, all rural participants were interviewed and underwent a comprehensive eye examination, including dilated fundus examination and imaging.

Unmasking inhibition prolongs neuronal function in retinal degeneration mouse model.

All neurodegenerative diseases involve a relatively long period of timeframe from the onset of the disease to complete loss of functions. Extending this timeframe, even at a reduced level of function, would improve the quality of life of patients with these devastating diseases. The retina, as the part of the central nervous system and a frequent site of many distressing neurodegenerative disease, provides an ideal model to investigate the feasibility of extending the functional timeframe through pharmacologic intervention.

Fifteen-year incidence rate and risk factors of pterygium in the Southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

Purpose: To report 15-year incidence rate and associated risk factors of pterygium among people aged 30 years and above at baseline in the rural clusters of longitudinal Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS III).

Methods: The baseline APEDS I included 7771 participants of which 6447 (83%) were traced and 5395 (83.7%) were re-examined in APEDS III.

Increased Connexin36 Phosphorylation in AII Amacrine Cell Coupling of the Mouse Myopic Retina.

Myopia is a substantial public health problem worldwide. In the myopic retina, distant images are focused in front of the photoreceptors. The cells and mechanisms for retinal signaling that account either for emmetropization (i.

Defocused Images Change Multineuronal Firing Patterns in the Mouse Retina.

Myopia is a major public health problem, affecting one third of the population over 12 years old in the United States and more than 80% of people in Hong Kong. Myopia is attributable to elongation of the eyeball in response to defocused images that alter eye growth and refraction. It is known that the retina can sense the focus of an image, but the effects of defocused images on signaling of population of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that account either for emmetropization or refractive errors has still to be elucidated.

Color vision in sight recovery individuals.

Background: Color vision has been consistently shown to be unaffected in animals that are raised in dark or in color-deprived environments. However, there are only a few studies that directly addressed the effect of congenital visual deprivation in color perception in humans.

Objective: The goal of the current study was to assess the effect of congenital visual deprivation on color vision using a panel based color arrangement test.

A Protracted Sensitive Period Regulates the Development of Cross-Modal Sound-Shape Associations in Humans.

Humans preferentially match arbitrary words containing higher- and lower-frequency phonemes to angular and smooth shapes, respectively. Here, we investigated the role of visual experience in the development of audiovisual and audiohaptic sound-shape associations (SSAs) using a unique set of five groups: individuals who had suffered a transient period of congenital blindness through congenital bilateral dense cataracts before undergoing cataract-reversal surgeries (CC group), individuals with a history of developmental cataracts (DC group), individuals with congenital permanent blindness (CB group), individuals with late permanent blindness (LB group), and controls with typical sight (TS group). Whereas the TS and LB groups showed highly robust SSAs, the CB, CC, and DC groups did not-in any of the modality combinations tested.

Angiopoietin receptor TEK interacts with CYP1B1 in primary congenital glaucoma.

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a severe autosomal recessive ocular disorder associated with considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Recently, rare heterozygous alleles in the angiopoietin receptor-encoding gene TEK were implicated in PCG. We undertook this study to ascertain the second mutant allele in a large cohort (n = 337) of autosomal recessive PCG cases that carried heterozygous TEK mutations.

Population-Based Assessment of Unilateral Visual Impairment in the South Indian State of Andhra Pradesh: Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment (RAVI) Project.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence and causes of unilateral visual impairment (VI) in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals aged ≥40 years in one urban and two rural locations, using rapid assessment methodology. A 2-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 7800 individuals from 156 clusters.