Current Clinical Trials for Treating Elevated Lipoprotein(a).

Purpose Of Review: Numerous studies have established lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as an independent and modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). As such Lp(a) has become the focus of targeted drug therapy development with the goal of reducing Lp(a) serum concentrations and improving outcomes. This review aims to inform readers on the investigational agents currently in clinical trials and highlight key differences including dosing intervals and routes of administration that may facilitate uptake and retention of a particular potential medication in certain patient populations.

Prevention of acute systemic reaction during LDL apheresis post COVID-19 by icatibant pretreatment.

Lipoprotein apheresis is used as a treatment to lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia when LDL-C is not adequately controlled on maximally tolerated medications. Although it raises circulating levels of bradykinin, it is generally well tolerated and systemic reactions to lipoprotein apheresis are rare. Icatibant treats bradykinin-induced angioedema.

Simulated Avalanche vs Tree-Well Burial Effects on Human Physiology.

IntroductionAvalanches and tree-wells (TW) are causes of snow immersion death in skiers and snowboarders. TW burials may have different victim physiology profiles and rescue considerations than avalanche-related burials due to snow density, burial position, and compensatory physiologic responses. This study aimed to compare the physiological responses between avalanche and TW burials through a prospective controlled trial of simulated avalanche burial to simulated TW burial.

Feasibility of Recruiting Latinos for a Lung Cancer Screening Study Through a Patient Portal.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the feasibility of recruiting Latinos for a lung cancer screening study through a patient portal. The electronic health record (EHR) at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) was utilized to identify individuals with the following characteristics: (1) Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, (2) between 50 and 80 years old, (3) currently smoking, and (4) seen at URMC within the last 10 years. Identified individuals with an active account on MyChart (the patient portal at URMC) were messaged up to two times.

Climber Mortality on Mount Aconcagua, 2013-2024.

IntroductionMount Aconcagua (6961 m) is the highest peak in the Americas, and thousands of climbers attempt to climb it annually. This study aimed to characterize recent climber mortality on Aconcagua to aid in future safety efforts.MethodsClimber fatalities from Aconcagua for the 10 most recent climbing seasons (2013-2024) were retrospectively reviewed.

Assessing Text Messaging Interactivity with a Vaping Cessation Intervention Among Latino Young Adults: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis.

Objective: To assess text messaging interactivity with a vaping cessation intervention among Latino young adults.

Methods: As part of a single-arm pilot study, 40 Latino young adults (ages 18-25) received , a vaping cessation text messaging intervention. , available in English and Spanish, was developed in partnership with a Community Advisory Board of Latino young adults and consisted of 212 text messages delivered throughout a 3-month period.

Lipoprotein(a) as a Causal Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease.

Purpose Of Review: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], an atherogenic low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-like molecule, has emerged as an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This review summarizes the evidence supporting Lp(a) as a causal risk factor for ASCVD and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS).

Recent Findings: Lp(a) is largely (~ 90%) genetically determined and approximately 20% of the global population has elevated Lp(a).

Consensus Guideline for Care of Patients in the Prehospital and Aerospace Settings with Exposures to Hydrazine and Hydrazine Derivatives.

Objectives: Hydrazine (HZ) and Hydrazine Derivative (HZ-D) exposures pose health risks to people in industrial and aerospace settings. Several recent systematic reviews and case series have highlighted common clinical presentations and management strategies. Given the low frequency at which HZ and HZ-D exposures occur, a strong evidence base on which to develop an evidence-based guideline does not exist at this time.

Do US quitsites present information related to providing services for LGBTQ individuals? An audit study.

Introduction: Most US quitlines have quitsites and websites designated to promote their services. Quitsites have the potential to encourage LGBTQ individuals to utilize quitline services by explicitly mentioning the provision of LGBTQ-competent services. The present study audited quitsites to determine the presence of information regarding services for LGBTQ individuals.

Sublingual Sufentanil Tablet for Analgesia in Emergency Medical Services and Search and Rescue Agencies.

Objectives: Pain management in the potentially austere search and rescue (SAR) and emergency medical services (EMS) environments can be challenging. Intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) routes of administration may be less practical. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of the sublingual sufentanil tablet (SST) in prehospital settings and hypothesizes that its use will reduce pain while maintaining a reasonable safety profile.

A magnetohydrodynamic mechanism for the formation of solar polar vortices.

Polar vortices are ubiquitous features of planetary atmospheric flows, from the Earth-like rocky planets to Jupiter- and Saturn-like gas giant planets. Very little is known about their existence or dynamics on the Sun. What should be expected near the Sun's pole for the upcoming solar multi-viewpoint and polar missions? Here, we report the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nonlinear simulations for the formation and evolution of solar polar vortices using a near-surface MHD shallow-water model.

Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of a vaping cessation text messaging intervention for Latino young adults.

Objective: To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of among Latino young adults.

Methods: Forty Latino young adults (ages 18 to 25) who were currently vaping received , a vaping cessation text messaging intervention available in English and Spanish. was measured by the eligibility, enrollment, and follow-up rates.

Development and initial psychometric properties of the Research Complexity Index.

Objective: Research study complexity refers to variables that contribute to the difficulty of a clinical trial or study. This includes variables such as intervention type, design, sample, and data management. High complexity often requires more resources, advanced planning, and specialized expertise to execute studies effectively.

e-Cigarette Tobacco Flavors, Public Health, and Toxicity: Narrative Review.

Background: Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration implemented enforcement priorities against all flavored, cartridge-based e-cigarettes other than menthol and tobacco flavors. This ban undermined the products' appeal to vapers, so e-cigarette manufacturers added flavorants of other attractive flavors into tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes and reestablished appeal.

Objective: This review aims to analyze the impact of the addition of other flavorants in tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes on both human and public health issues and to propose further research as well as potential interventions.

Characteristics of Adolescents' and Young Adults' Exposure to and Engagement with Nicotine and Tobacco Product Content on Social Media.

To inform policy and messaging, this study examined characteristics of adolescents' and young adults' (AYAs') exposure to and engagement with nicotine and tobacco product (NTP) social media (SM) content. In this cross-sectional survey study, AYAs aged 13-26 (=1,163) reported current NTP use, SM use frequency, and exposure to and engagement with SM content promoting and opposing NTP use (i.e.

Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Austere Environments: 2024 Update.

The Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) convened an expert panel to develop evidence-based guidelines for the management of pain in austere environments. Recommendations are graded based on the quality of supporting evidence as defined by criteria put forth by the American College of Chest Physicians. This is an update of the 2014 version of the "WMS Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Remote Environments" published in 2014; 25:41-49.

Vaping: Public Health, Social Media, and Toxicity.

This viewpoint aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of vaping from various perspectives that contribute to the invention, development, spread, and consequences of e-cigarette products and vaping. Our analysis showed that the specific characteristics of e-cigarette products as well as marketing strategies, especially social media marketing, fostered the spread of vaping and the subsequent effects on human health and toxicity. We analyzed the components of e-cigarette devices and e-liquids, including the latest variants whose impacts were often overlooked.

Recruiting Latino young adults into a vaping cessation study via social media: Feasibility and cost analysis.

Introduction: This study aims to assess the feasibility and cost of recruiting young Latino adults (aged 18-25 years) to participate in a vaping cessation study via social media and to describe the baseline characteristics of participants enrolled via social media.

Methods: Paid advertisements were launched using the Meta Ads platform, which serves ads to users on Facebook and Instagram. Key measures of audience targeting included ages 18-25 years, all genders, and the following interests: 'electronic cigarettes', 'vape', 'Latin pop', and 'Latin music'.

Actívatexto: Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Intervention That Promotes Smoking Cessation and Physical Activity among Latinos.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile intervention that promotes smoking cessation and physical activity among Latinos living in the United States. Twenty Latino adults who smoked and did not meet recommended levels of physical activity were recruited using community-based recruitment strategies. Participants received Actívatexto, a theory-based, culturally accommodated, 12-week text messaging intervention (available in English and Spanish) that promotes smoking cessation and physical activity.

Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Frostbite: 2024 Update.

The Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to develop a set of evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite. We present a review of pertinent pathophysiology. We then discuss primary and secondary prevention measures and therapeutic management.

Implementation and Evaluation of a National Well-Being Curriculum for KL2 Scholars.

The study aimed to pilot test a well-being curriculum for KL2 scholars to be used across the Clinical and Translational Science Award consortium. Between November 2022, and May 2023, 36 KL2 scholars from 25 hubs participated in the program. The General Well-Being Index for U.

Development of a Vaping Cessation Text Messaging Intervention for Latino Young Adults: A Participatory Research Approach.

Objective: Describe the participatory research procedures of developing , a vaping cessation text messaging intervention for Latino young adults, available in English and Spanish.

Methods: Using community-based recruitment strategies, we convened a Community Advisory Board (CAB) of eight Latino young adults (ages 18-25) with different vaping experiences (never users, ex-users, and current users of e-cigarettes). Members held a series of working meetings to adapt , a smoking cessation text messaging intervention, for vaping cessation.

Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Avalanche and Nonavalanche Snow Burial Accidents: 2024 Update.

To provide guidance to the general public, clinicians, and avalanche professionals about best practices, the Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to revise the evidence-based guidelines for the prevention, rescue, and resuscitation of avalanche and nonavalanche snow burial victims. The original panel authored the Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Avalanche and Nonavalanche Snow Burial Accidents in 2017. A second panel was convened to update these guidelines and make recommendations based on quality of supporting evidence.

Challenges in the management of high-altitude illnesses and emergencies in Bhutan and Nepal.

Many popular tourist attractions and trekking routes in Bhutan and Nepal are situated between 3000 and 6000 m in elevation. High-altitude emergencies are becoming more common and medical providers must be aware of the practical and medical issues in managing these disorders. We reflect on the challenges in providing high-altitude emergency medical services in Bhutan and Nepal.