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The Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to develop a set of evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite. We present a review of pertinent pathophysiology. We then discuss primary and secondary prevention measures and therapeutic management. Recommendations are made regarding each treatment and its role in management. These recommendations are graded on the basis of the quality of supporting evidence and balance between the benefits and risks or burdens for each modality according to methodology stipulated by the American College of Chest Physicians. This is an updated version of the guidelines published in 2019.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10806032231222359 | DOI Listing |
Wilderness Environ Med
August 2025
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
Australas Emerg Care
August 2025
Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit (PRECRU), Curtin School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; St John Western Australia, Belmont, WA, Australia.
Background: The water-based environment presents challenges to emergency services responding to medical emergencies. These include logistical difficulties, interagency response requirements, and knowledge of unique clinical conditions. Understanding which water-based incidents need emergency response, their locations, and resource needs is essential for preparing paramedics and other emergency service personnel.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWilderness Environ Med
August 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
BackgroundIn India, emergency medicine is a developing specialty and is not yet integrated into undergraduate medical education (bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery [MBBS]). Against this backdrop, introducing wilderness medicine may seem premature, but its relevance is clear given the country's vast rural geography and limited prehospital care. This study evaluated the impact of a 1-d wilderness medicine elective on medical students' motivation, self-directed learning, and satisfaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWilderness Environ Med
August 2025
Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University, Middletown, New York, USA.
Debate exists regarding safety and optimal technique for ski patrollers performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on cardiac arrest patients in a moving toboggan during rescue evacuation. Cases of successful outcomes after toboggan-transport (in-sled) manual (hands-on) or mechanical CPR by ski patrollers have not been described in the medical literature. This case series presents 3 adult resort skiers who experienced medical cardiac arrest in Vermont over the years 2024-25, and who received manual CPR in a moving rescue toboggan, leading to return of spontaneous circulation and subsequent neurologically intact hospital discharge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWilderness Environ Med
August 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Patna, Bihar, India.
BackgroundHeat stroke represents a growing public health concern, exacerbated by rising temperatures and prolonged heat waves. This study examines the clinical profile, prognostic markers, and outcomes of heat stroke patients presenting to a tertiary care center in India and compares findings with previous global studies.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical profile, prognostic markers, and outcomes of heat stroke patients presenting to a tertiary care center in India and to compare findings with previous global studies.
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