ENO1 Dysfunction-Mediated Glycolytic Attenuation Exacerbates Oxidative Stress-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Death via Altered ATP Synthesis Pathway.

Purpose: The effects of enolase dysfunction-mediated glycolytic attenuation on oxidative stress-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death were investigated.

Methods: Retinal expression of Enolase (ENO) 1 and 2 was detected using immunohistochemistry. Exogenous genes were introduced into mouse RGCs using viral vectors, and into the rat-derived retinal progenitor cell line R28 using lipofection.

Reduced plasma oxytocin levels in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: We explored the role of oxytocin in glaucoma by measuring the blood levels of oxytocin in glaucoma patients, comparing them to normal control subjects, and examining its association with clinical parameters.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Material And Methods: After obtaining informed consent from 181 glaucoma patients and 44 age-matched control participants, we collected blood samples in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes and centrifuged them at 2000 g for 25 minutes at 4 °C.

Two-Year Outcome of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty for Normal-Tension Glaucoma in Japan: First-Line or Second-Line Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (FSS) Study.

: The objective of this study is to investigate the two-year continuous efficacy, risk factors, and safety profile of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in Japanese individuals diagnosed with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) who underwent SLT as either a first-line or second-line treatment. : A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with NTG who underwent SLT as either an initial or secondary therapy at 26 medical institutions in Japan between January 2020 and December 2021 with a 2-year follow-up. The primary endpoint was a reduction in the rate of intraocular pressure (IOP) over 2 years after SLT.

Evaluation of blood flow in arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy using laser speckle flowgraphy: A case series.

Background: Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION), primarily caused by giant cell arteritis, is a leading cause of blindness. This disease results in significant ocular blood flow (BF) impairment, though data on ocular hemodynamics are limited.

Methods: This observational case series enrolled four patients treated for AAION (age: 81.

A hybrid multi model artificial intelligence approach for glaucoma screening using fundus images.

Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, requires accurate early detection. We present an AI-based Glaucoma Screening (AI-GS) network comprising six lightweight deep learning models (total size: 110 MB) that analyze fundus images to identify early structural signs such as optic disc cupping, hemorrhages, and nerve fiber layer defects. The segmentation of the optic cup and disc closely matches that of expert ophthalmologists.

Metabolomic Profiling of Open-Angle Glaucoma Etiologic Endotypes: Tohoku Multi-Omics Glaucoma Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate biologically meaningful endotypes of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) by applying unsupervised machine learning to plasma metabolites.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study enrolled consecutive patients aged ≥20 years with OAG at Tohoku University Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020. OAG was confirmed based on comprehensive ophthalmic examinations.

Relationship between corneal hysteresis and the site of damage to peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in open-angle glaucoma.

Corneal hysteresis (CH) is associated with glaucomatous structural changes. We retrospectively investigated the association between CH and the regional circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (cpRNFLT) in 419 eyes of 419 patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). CH was used as the explanatory variable, and cpRNFLT (total and quadrant) was used as the dependent variable.

Differentiating optic neuropathies using laser speckle flowgraphy: Evaluating blood flow patterns in the optic nerve head and peripapillary choroid.

Purpose: To compare blood flow (BF) impairment patterns in different optic neuropathies using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 24 eyes of 24 patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAAION), 59 eyes of 59 patients with optic neuritis (ON), 677 eyes of 677 patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG), and 110 eyes of 110 controls. The patient backgrounds of all groups were compared.

The relationship between equol production status and normal tension glaucoma.

Purpose: Equol is metabolized by intestinal bacteria from soy isoflavones and is chemically similar to estrogen. Dietary habits, such as consumption of soy products, influence equol production. A relationship between glaucoma and estrogen has been identified; here, we investigated the relationship between equol production status and glaucoma in Japan.

Effectiveness of remote risk-based monitoring and potential benefits for combination with direct data capture.

Background: In recent years, alternative monitoring approaches, such as risk-based and remote monitoring techniques, have been recommended instead of traditional on-site monitoring to achieve more efficient monitoring. Remote risk-based monitoring (R2BM) is a monitoring technique that combines risk-based and remote monitoring and focuses on the detection of critical data and process errors. Direct data capture (DDC), which directly collects electronic source data, can facilitate R2BM by minimizing the extent of source documents that must be reviewed and reducing the additional workload on R2BM.

Comparative features of superior versus inferior hemisphere microvasculature dropout in open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate differences in microvasculature dropout (MvD) between the superior and inferior hemispheres in glaucoma patients.

Study Design: Retrospective and cross-sectional.

Methods: Fifty-eight eyes of 58 open-angle glaucoma patients (age 61.

Sector-specific Association of Intraocular Pressure Dynamics in Dark-room Prone Testing and Visual Field Defect Progression in Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate sectoral differences in the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) dynamics during dark-room prone testing (DRPT) and visual field (VF) defect progression in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.

Design: Retrospective, longitudinal study.

Participants: This retrospective study included 116 eyes of 84 POAG patients who underwent DRPT and had at least 5 reliable VF tests conducted over a more than 2-year follow-up period.

The Effect of β-Blocker Eye Drops on Pulse Rate, Ocular Blood Flow, and Glaucoma Progression: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: Our study was conducted to determine factors associated with the effectiveness of a β-blocker eye drop add-on in altering pulse rate (PR) in glaucoma patients.

Methods: This retrospective study examined 236 eyes of 138 patients who received a β-blocker eye drop add-on during follow-up. Patients were included if at least one PR measurement was available both before and after the add-on was started.

A ginger extract improves ocular blood flow in rats with endothelin-induced retinal blood flow dysfunction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a ginger extract on optic nerve head blood flow (ONH BF) under endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulation. Using laser speckle flowgraphy, we measured ONH BF in brown Norway rats. To establish the ONH BF impairment profile under ET-1 stimulation, we administered an intravitreal injection of ET-1 under anesthesia.

Reduced glutathione level in the aqueous humor of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide in older people. Profiling the aqueous humor, including the metabolites it contains, is useful to understand physiological and pathological conditions in the eye. In the current study, we used mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize the aqueous humor metabolomic profile and biological features of patients with glaucoma.

Predictive potential of optical coherence tomography parameters for the prognosis of decreased visual acuity after trabeculectomy in open-angle glaucoma patients with good vision.

Background: Trabeculectomy (trab) is the most effective surgical procedure for lowering IOP and preventing glaucoma progression. However, decline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is one of the most serious postoperative complications of trab. Here, we investigated methods to predict decreased BCVA after trab in glaucoma patients with good preoperative BCVA.

Factors associated with intrachoroidal cavitation and sinkhole formation in eyes with glaucomatous visual-field defects.

Purpose: To investigate factors associated with intrachoroidal cavitation (ICC) and sinkhole formation in eyes with glaucomatous visual-field defects.

Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 2808 eyes of 1482 patients who were diagnosed/treated for glaucoma and underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT). We first determined the prevalence of ICCs and sinkholes and their locations.

Glutathione trisulfide prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced retinal inflammation via inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production in glial cells.

We aimed to investigate the impact of glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in retinal glia. Inflammatory responses in mouse-derived glial cells and Wistar rat retinas were stimulated with administration of LPS. Cell survival and proinflammatory cytokine production were examined using the Calcein-AM assay, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.

DPP-4 Inhibitors Attenuate Fibrosis After Glaucoma Filtering Surgery by Suppressing the TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway.

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) on fibrosis after glaucoma filtering surgery with clinical data and an in vitro model that used transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) to induce human Tenon's fibroblast (HTF) fibrosis.

Methods: The medical records of 41 eyes of 35 patients with diabetes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) who received initial trabeculectomy were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical success rate was compared between cases that received (n = 23) and did not receive (n = 18) DPP-4i treatment for diabetes.

Reduced Plasma BDNF Levels in Normal Tension Glaucoma Compared to Open Angle Glaucoma.

Prcis: The study suggests that a low level of systemic BDNF may contribute to the pathogenesis of glaucoma in an IOP-independent manner.

Aims: To evaluate differences in systemic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels between primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients.

Methods: This study collected blood samples from 260 NTG patients, 220 age-matched POAG patients, and 120 age-matched cataract patients (as controls).