Associations between the gut microbiota at one-year and neurodevelopment in children from the SEPAGES cohort.

Fundamental research indicates a communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, referred to as the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This link is little characterized in humans in the general population. We prospectively investigated the relationships between the gut microbiota composition of one-year-old children and neurodevelopment parameters at 2 and 3 years of age.

Early-life exposure to mixture of phenols and respiratory health in pre-school children.

Introduction: Exposure to synthetic phenols is suspected of affecting child respiratory health, but epidemiological findings are not consistent and studies on exposure during infancy are lacking. We aimed to investigate the association between exposure to a mixture of phenols in pregnancy and in infancy and children's respiratory health.

Methods: Among 363 mother-child pairs from the SEPAGES cohort, twelve phenols were measured in weekly-pooled urine samples collected twice during pregnancy (second (T2) and third (T3) trimesters) and in infancy (2 months (M2) and 1 year (Y1)).

Levels and determinants of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in French pregnant women from the SEPAGES cohort.

Background: Identifying the primary determinants of exposure to contaminants such as poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is essential for establishing efficient regulations. We aimed to identify determinants of serum PFAS during pregnancy, a sensitive exposure window.

Methods: This study relied on 450 pregnant women enrolled in a French cohort from 2014 to 2017.

Using eye tracking to evaluate cognitive and visual outcomes of early life phenol exposure.

Introduction: Studies on behavioral effects of synthetic phenols have often relied on parent-reported questionnaires and primarily focused on prenatal exposure.

Aims: We examined associations between prenatal and infancy phenol exposures and objective measures of child visual behavior and cognitive function at 2 years of age.

Methods: At age 2, 151 children from the SEPAGES mother-child cohort completed eye-tracking tasks assessing four indicators: fixation duration (attentional control), novelty preference (visual recognition memory), time spent looking at eyes (social attention), and reaction time (processing speed).

Personal exposure to air pollutants and immune system biomarkers in pregnant women.

The immune function is suspected to play an important role in the health effects of air pollution but it remains poorly investigated in pregnant women. One-week personal measurements of exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm mass concentration (PM) and PM oxidative potential (OP) were assessed in 270 pregnant women from the French cohort SEPAGES.

PFAS exposures and child growth: a longitudinal study from fetal life to early childhood.

Background: Prenatal exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with lower birth weight or increased adiposity in adolescence. No study has investigated associations with longitudinal growth from conception to early childhood. We explored the association between maternal serum PFAS concentrations during pregnancy and child growth assessed repeatedly from the second trimester of pregnancy to 3 years of age.

Prenatal Exposure to Synthetic Phenols Assessed in Multiple Urine Samples and Dysregulation of Steroid Hormone Homeostasis in Two European Cohorts.

Background: Some synthetic phenols alter hormonal pathways involved in successful pregnancy and fetal development. Despite high within-subject temporal variability of phenols, previous studies mostly utilized spot urine samples to assess pregnancy exposure. Herein, we investigated associations between pregnancy exposure to eight phenols assessed in multiple pooled urine samples and steroid hormones assessed in maternal hair reflecting cumulative hormone levels over the previous weeks to months.

Early-life exposure to mixtures of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and a multi-domain health score in preschool children.

Background: Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as phenols and phthalates, is suspected to impact various dimensions of child health. Using a multi-outcome approach, this study aimed to estimate their cumulative effect on the child cardiometabolic, respiratory and neurodevelopmental health.

Methods: In 373 children of 3 years old from the SEPAGES cohort, a multi-domain health score was built from twenty-three health parameters.

PFAS exposure during pregnancy: Implications for placental health and functioning.

Background: Animal studies have linked prenatal poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposures with impaired placental structure and function. In humans, only few studies have investigated such associations.

Objective: We studied whether PFAS, individually and as a mixture, affected placental function.

Early-life exposures to phenols, parabens and phthalates and fat mass at 3 years of age in the SEPAGES cohort.

Background: Early-life exposure to short half-life chemicals may influence adiposity growth, a precursor to obesity. Previous studies often relied on limited urine samples that inadequately represent exposure during pregnancy or infancy. Additionally, childhood adiposity is commonly estimated using body mass index, which does not accurately reflect body composition.

Associations between pre- and post-natal exposure to phthalate and DINCH metabolites and gut microbiota in one-year old children.

The gut microbiota is a collection of symbiotic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Its sensitivity to chemicals with widespread exposure, such as phthalates, is little known. We aimed to investigate the impact of perinatal exposure to phthalates on the infant gut microbiota at 12 months of age.

Intrafamilial associations of sleep multitrajectory groups between ages of 3 and 60 months in the SEPAGES cohort.

Objectives: We investigated intrafamilial sleep evolution by identifying children's sleep multitrajectory groups between 3- and 60-month of age and their association with parental sleep multitrajectory groups.

Methods: We included 180 children from the SEPAGES cohort (Grenoble, France) whose parents belonged to previously identified sleep multitrajectory groups, through group-based multitrajectory modeling, between 3 and 36months postpartum, using nighttime (NSD) and weekend daytime (DSD) sleep durations and subjective sleep loss, comprising "No," "Subjective," and "Global" sleep problems groups. Child sleep information (NSD, DSD, subjective sleep loss, night waking, and sleep onset difficulties) was collected by parental questionnaires at 3-, 12-, 36-, and 60-month.

Perinatal Exposure to Phenols and Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Gut Microbiota in One-Year-Old Children.

The role of the gut microbiota in human health calls for a better understanding of its determinants. In particular, the possible effects of chemicals with widespread exposure other than pharmaceuticals are little known. Our aim was to characterize the sensitivity of the early-life gut microbiota to specific chemicals with possible antimicrobial action.

Epigenetic footprints: Investigating placental DNA methylation in the context of prenatal exposure to phenols and phthalates.

Background: Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as phthalates and phenols can affect placental functioning and fetal health, potentially via epigenetic modifications. We investigated the associations between pregnancy exposure to synthetic phenols and phthalates estimated from repeated urine sampling and genome wide placental DNA methylation.

Methods: The study is based on 387 women with placental DNA methylation assessed with Infinium MethylationEPIC arrays and with 7 phenols, 13 phthalates, and two non-phthalate plasticizer metabolites measured in pools of urine samples collected twice during pregnancy.

Fetal and Infancy Exposure to Phenols, Parabens, and Phthalates and Anthropometric Measurements up to 36 Months, in the Longitudinal SEPAGES Cohort.

Background: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals may play a role in adiposity development during childhood. Until now literature in this scope suffers from methodologic limitations in exposure assessment using one or few urine samples and missing assessment during the infancy period.

Objectives: We investigated the associations between early-life exposure to quickly metabolized chemicals and post-natal growth, relying on repeated within-subject urine collections over pregnancy and infancy.

Parents' Sleep Multi-Trajectory Modelling from 3 to 36 Months Postpartum in the SEPAGES Cohort.

Objective: We investigated maternal and paternal sleep evolution from 3 to 36 months postpartum, their interrelations and predictors in the SEPAGES cohort.

Methods: Sleep information (night sleep duration [NSD], weekend daytime sleep duration [DSD] and subjective sleep loss [SSL]) was collected by self-administered questionnaires at 3, 18, 24 and 36 months postpartum in the SEPAGES French cohort that included 484 mothers and 410 fathers. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling was used to identify maternal, paternal and couple sleep multi-trajectory groups among 188 couples reporting sleep data for at least 2 time points.

Intra-breath changes in respiratory mechanics are sensitive to history of respiratory illness in preschool children: the SEPAGES cohort.

Background: Intra-breath oscillometry has been proposed as a sensitive means of detecting airway obstruction in young children. We aimed to assess the impact of early life wheezing and lower respiratory tract illness on lung function, using both standard and intra-breath oscillometry in 3 year old children.

Methods: History of doctor-diagnosed asthma, wheezing, bronchiolitis and bronchitis and hospitalisation for respiratory problems were assessed by questionnaires in 384 population-based children.

Effects of personal exposure to the oxidative potential of PM on oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnant women.

Oxidative stress is a prominent pathway for the health effects associated with fine particulate matter (PM) exposure. Oxidative potential (OP) of PM has been associated to several health endpoints, but studies on its impact on biomarkers of oxidative stress remains insufficient. 300 pregnant women from the SEPAGES cohort (France) carried personal PM samplers for a week and OP was measured using ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT) assays, and normalized by 1) PM mass (OP) and 2) sampled air volume (OP).

Longitudinal Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Steroid Hormones in Maternal Hair Samples from the SEPAGES Cohort.

We assessed phthalate-hormone associations in 382 pregnant women of the new-generation SEPAGES cohort (2014-2017, France) using improved exposure and outcome assessments. Metabolites from seven phthalate compounds and the replacement di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) were measured in within-subject pools of repeated urine samples collected at the second and third pregnancy trimesters (≈21 samples/trimester). Metabolites from five steroid hormones were measured in maternal hair samples collected at delivery, reflecting cumulative levels over the previous weeks to months.

In utero exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances and children respiratory health in the three first years of life.

Background: Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are used in a wide range of products. Experimental studies suggested impaired lung development and pro-inflammatory response following exposure to some PFAS. We aimed to assess the associations between prenatal exposure to PFAS and children respiratory health.

Prenatal exposure to synthetic phenols and phthalates and child respiratory health from 2 to 36 months of life.

Exposure to phthalates and synthetic phenols is ubiquitous. Some of them are suspected to impact child respiratory health, although evidence still remains insufficient. This study investigated the associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and phenols, individually and as a mixture, and child respiratory health assessed by objective lung function measures since 2 months of age.

Maternal imprinting and determinants of neonates' immune function in the SEPAGES mother-child cohort.

Introduction: Immune function in pregnancy is influenced by host-specific and environmental factors. This may impact fetal immune development, but the link between maternal and neonatal immune function is still poorly characterized. Here, we investigate the relationship between maternal and neonatal immune function, and identify factors affecting the association between maternal and child cytokine secretion.

Association of Prenatal and Postnatal Exposures to Warm or Cold Air Temperatures With Lung Function in Young Infants.

Importance: Little is known about long-term associations of early-life exposure to extreme temperatures with child health and lung function.

Objectives: To investigate the association of prenatal and postnatal heat or cold exposure with newborn lung function and identify windows of susceptibility.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study (SEPAGES) recruited pregnant women in France between July 8, 2014, and July 24, 2017.