Molecular investigation of ergot alkaloid ergotamine's modulatory effects on glycine receptors expressed in oocytes.

The relationship between oxidative stress and glycine receptors is complex, involving multiple mechanisms through which reactive oxygen species can modify glycine receptor function. Understanding these interactions is essential for developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress on inhibitory neurotransmission in various neurological disorders. Inhibitory glycine receptors play a critical role in regulating the final grand postsynaptic potential by attenuating excitatory postsynaptic potentials through inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in postsynaptic neurons.

Identification of 2,4-Di--butylphenol as a Novel Agonist for Insect Odorant Receptors.

Odorant molecules interact with odorant receptors (ORs) lining the pores on the surface of the sensilla on an insect's antennae and maxillary palps. This interaction triggers an electrical signal that is transmitted to the insect's nervous system, thereby influencing its behavior. Orco, an OR coreceptor, is crucial for olfactory transduction, as it possesses a conserved sequence across the insect lineage.

Enhancement of debitterness, water-solubility, and neuroprotective effects of naringin by transglucosylation.

Naringin found in citrus fruits is a flavanone glycoside with numerous biological activities. However, the bitterness, low water-solubility, and low bioavailability of naringin are the main issues limiting its use in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Herein, a glucansucrase from isolated Leuconostoc citreum NY87 was used for trans-α-glucosylattion of naringin by using sucrose as substrate.

Probiotics that Ameliorate Cognitive Impairment through Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Oxidation in Mice.

The gut-brain axis encompasses a bidirectional communication pathway between the gastrointestinal microbiota and the central nervous system. There is some evidence to suggest that probiotics may have a positive effect on cognitive function, but more research is needed before any definitive conclusions can be drawn. Inflammation-induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may affect cognitive function.

Molecular Mechanism of L-Pyroglutamic Acid Interaction with the Human Sour Receptor.

Taste is classified into five types, each of which has evolved to play its respective role in mammalian survival. Sour taste is one of the important ways to judge whether food has gone bad, and the sour taste receptor (PKD2L1) is the gene behind it. Here, we investigated whether L-pyroglutamic acid interacts with sour taste receptors through electrophysiology and mutation experiments using oocytes.

(+)-Catharanthine and (-)-18-methoxycoronaridine induce antidepressant-like activity in mice by differently recruiting serotonergic and norepinephrinergic neurotransmission.

The antidepressant-like activity of (+)-catharanthine and (-)-18-methoxycoronaridine [(-)-18-MC] was studied in male and female mice using forced swim (FST) and tail suspension tests (TST). The underlying molecular mechanism was assessed by electrophysiological, radioligand, and functional experiments. The FST results showed that acute administration (40 mg/kg) of (+)-catharanthine or (-)-18-MC induces similar antidepressant-like activity in male and female mice at 1 h and 24 h, whereas the TST results showed a lower effect for (-)-18-MC at 24 h.

A Combination of Rosa Multiflora and Zizyphus Jujuba Enhance Sleep Quality in Anesthesia-Induced Mice.

Sleep is an essential component of quality of life. The majority of people experience sleep problems that impact their quality of life. Melatonin is currently a representative sleep aid.

DDX3 Upregulates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Melanogenesis in Sk-Mel-2 Human Melanoma Cells.

DDX3 is a DEAD-box RNA helicase with diverse biological functions through multicellular pathways. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of DDX3 in regulating melanogenesis by the exploring signaling pathways involved. Various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were used to induce melanogenesis in SK-Mel-2 human melanoma cells.

The Application of the Neuroprotective and Potential Antioxidant Effect of Ergotamine Mediated by Targeting N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors.

(1) Background: The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate fast excitatory currents leading to depolarization. Postsynaptic NMDARs are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate excitatory glutamate or glycine signaling in the CNS and play a primary role in long-term potentiation, which is a major form of use-dependent synaptic plasticity. The overstimulation of NMDARs mediates excessive Ca influx to postsynaptic neurons and facilitates more production of ROS, which induces neuronal apoptosis.

Antioxidative and Analgesic Effects of Naringin through Selective Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Member 1.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1) is activated in response to capsaicin, protons, temperature, and free reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from inflammatory molecules after exposure to harmful stimuli. The expression level of TRPV1 is elevated in the dorsal root ganglion, and its activation through capsaicin and ROS mediates neuropathic pain in mice. Its expression is high in peripheral and central nervous systems.

Hydroxy Pentacyclic Triterpene Acid, Kaempferol, Inhibits the Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine Type 3A Receptor Activity.

Monoamine serotonin is a major neurotransmitter that acts on a wide range of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system functions and is known to have a role in various processes. Recently, it has been found that 5-HT is involved in cognitive and memory functions through interaction with cholinergic pathways. The natural flavonoid kaempferol (KAE) extracted from is a secondary metabolite of the plant.

Identification and molecular study on the interaction of Schisandrin C with human 5-HT receptor.

Schisandrin C (Sch C) is one of the main components of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra). Since the olden times, Schisandra has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Asia. Recent studies have shown that Schisandra is effective against irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in an animal model and affects IBS through the 5-HT pathway in the IBS rat model.

Molecular Regulation of Betulinic Acid on α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.

Betulinic acid (BA) is a major constituent of Zizyphus seeds that have been long used as therapeutic agents for sleep-related issues in Asia. BA is a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It also possesses various anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects.

Differential Regulation of Human Serotonin Receptor Type 3A by Chanoclavine and Ergonovine.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disease that causes abdominal pain and an imbalance of defecation patterns due to gastrointestinal dysfunction. The cause of IBS remains unclear, but intestinal-brain axis problems and neurotransmitters have been suggested as factors. In this study, chanoclavine, which has a ring structure similar to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), showed an interaction with the 5-HT receptor to regulate IBS.

Molecular Regulation of α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Lupeol in Cardiovascular System.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurs globally and has a high mortality rate. The highest risk factor for developing CVD is high blood pressure. Currently, natural products are emerging for the treatment of hypertension to avoid the side effects of drugs.

Subunit-specific effects of poricoic acid A on NMDA receptors.

Background: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a tetrameric protein complex composed of glycine-linked NR1 subunits and glutamate-linked NR2 subunits. There are four NR2 subunits (A-D) that differ in development, anatomy, and function profiles. They play various roles in normal and neuropathologic conditions.

Identification of Lysine Histidine Transporter 2 as an 1-Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid Transporter in by Transgenic Complementation Approach.

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), a biosynthetic precursor of ethylene, has long been proposed to act as a mobile messenger in higher plants. However, little is known about the transport system of ACC. Recently, our genetic characterization of an ACC-resistant mutant with normal ethylene sensitivity revealed that lysine histidine transporter 1 (LHT1) functions as a transporter of ACC.

Regulation of p21 expression for anti-apoptotic activity of DDX3 against sanguinarine-induced cell death on intrinsic pathway.

Background: DDX3 plays a role in multicellular pathways, especially exerting an anti-apoptotic effect on extrinsic apoptosis. However, studies on the role of DDX3 in intrinsic apoptosis are lacking.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to study the bio-function of DDX3 anti-apoptotic activity in the intrinsic pathway using HeLa cells treated with sanguinarine.

Stimulating DDX3 expression by serotonin 5-HT receptor 7 through phosphorylation of p53 via the AC-PKA-ERK signaling pathway.

DDX3 is a host viral factor that can inhibit the hepatitis B virus-induced innate immune responses. In this study, the 20 bioactive compounds have screened the effects on DDX3 and we found that 5-HT upregulated DDX3 promoter activity via the 5-HT receptor on liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2 cells) by using a luciferase assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, we are trying to elucidate the pathways involved in the stimulating effect of 5-HT on DDX3 expression to induce innate immune responses against hepatitis B virus infection.

NaCl-induced CsRCI2E and CsRCI2F interact with aquaporin CsPIP2;1 to reduce water transport in Camelina sativa L.

Rare cold-inducible 2 (RCI2) proteins are small hydrophobic proteins that are known to be localized in cellular membranes. The function of RCI2 proteins has been reported to be associated with low-temperature, salt, and drought stress tolerances as a membrane potential regulator; however, the specific functions are still unknown. The PIP2 (plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2) aquaporins are proteins that transport water and small solutes into the cell.

Molecular basis involved in the blocking effect of antidepressant metergoline on C-type inactivation of Kv1.4 channel.

Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) are transmembrane ion channels specific for potassium. Currently there are nine kinds of VGKCs. Kv1.

Molecular Determinants of α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Inhibition by Triterpenoids.

In a previous work, we reported the regulatory role of the triterpenoids on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)A receptors activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes (Eur. J. Pharmacol.

A Molecular Basis for the Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 by Gomisin A.

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel has critical actions as conditional sensors in primary afferent neurons. We studied the regulatory action of gomisin A on TRPV1 channel current in this report. contains bioactive compounds such as the gomisin derivatives and their related compounds.