Gut microbes mediate the synergistic effects of dietary cholesterol and saturated fat in driving fibrosing MASH.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects approximately one-third of the global population and can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with fibrosis, increasing risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality. Gut microbes driven by diets high in saturated fat, simple sugar, and cholesterol contribute to disease progression, yet underlying mechanisms remain undefined. We explored the independent and synergistic effects of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol on MASH development using specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice.

Effects of Glutamine Supplementation and Early Cold Conditioning on Cold Stress Adaptability in Broilers.

Cold stress disrupts broiler homeostasis, and a single intervention may be insufficient for protection. This study examined the effects of early cold conditioning (25 ± 1 °C for 3 h at 5 days) and glutamine (Gln) supplementation on broiler thermotolerance during a 16 ± 1 °C cold challenge at 35 days. A 2 × 3 factorial design assigned 360 Cobb-500 broilers to six treatments (six replicates/treatment, ten birds/replicate) with three Gln levels (0%, 0.

Timed high-fat diet feeding restores small bowel circadian rhythms.

Host–microorganism circadian dynamics are key contributors to metabolic health. In addition, diet composition and timed feeding affect gut microbiota diurnal rhythms, with high-fat diets altering the composition of the gut microbiota and dampening circadian rhythms throughout the intestine. A recent study shows that time-restricted feeding of a high-fat diet restores the rhythms of small bowel host–microorganism interactions, preventing diet-induced obesity in mice.

Effect of supplemental glycerol monolaurate and oregano essential oil blend on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and amino acid digestibility of broiler chickens.

Background: This experiment tested the impact of the combined supplementation of glycerol monolaurate (GLM) and oregano essential oil (EO) to broiler diets. Growth performance, metabolic response, immune status, apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AID%), and intestinal histomorphology were assessed. Three-day-old Ross-308 broilers (76.

Zinc and L-Ascorbic Acid Dietary Supplementation Affected Antioxidant Status, Heat Shock Protein 70, and Some Immunoglobulins in Japanese Quail Under Heat Stress Conditions.

This study assessed the impact of the dietary inclusion of L-ascorbic acid and organic zinc (Availa-Zn) on heat-stressed Japanese quails. Growth performance, antioxidant status, immune status, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and some blood biochemical parameters were assessed. One-day-old, unsexed Japanese quail chicks (n = 240) were randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments (6 replicates per treatment; 10 birds per replicate).

Promising Role of Growth Hormone-Boosting Peptide in Regulating the Expression of Muscle-Specific Genes and Related MicroRNAs in Broiler Chickens.

Appropriate skeletal muscle development in poultry is positively related to increasing its meat production. Synthetic peptides with growth hormone-boosting properties can intensify the effects of endogenous growth hormones. However, their effects on the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles that control muscle development post-hatching in broiler chicks is unclear.

Impact of Injection of Certain Vitamins to Improve the Physiological Conditions of Hatching Chicks.

Background And Objective: Exposure of breeder hens to hyperthermia causes disturbances in the breeder's eggs due to insufficient nutrient deposition from heat-stressed hen into the egg. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the adverse effects of heat stress on hatchability, embryonic growth and hatchling health status could be ameliorated by in ovo injection of certain vitamins.

Materials And Methods: A total of 270 fertile eggs from Fayoumi breeders (45 weeks) were randomly assigned to 6 groups (45 eggs/group).

Influences of vitamin A, L-carnitine, and folic acid feeding on embryo and hatchling characteristics and general health status in ducks.

The current investigation was conducted to test the potential effects of feeding of vitamin A, L-carnitine, and folic acid on embryonic growth and post-hatch performance. A total of 450 fertile duck eggs were randomly distributed into two experiments of five groups/experiment (255 eggs/experiment and 45 egg/group). The experimental groups were: negative control (non-injected eggs), positive control (eggs were injected with 0.

Dietary supplemental microalgal astaxanthin modulates molecular profiles of stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens and laying hens under high ambient temperatures.

This research was to determine effects of supplemental dietary microalgal astaxanthin (AST) on hepatic gene expression and protein production of redox enzymes, heat shock proteins (HSPs), cytokines, and lipid metabolism in broilers (BR) and laying hens (LH) under high ambient temperatures. A total of 240 (day old) Cornish male BR and 50 (19 wk old) White Leghorn Shavers LH were allotted in 5 dietary treatments with 6 and 10 cages/treatment (8 BR or 1 LH/cage), respectively. The birds were fed corn-soybean meal basal diets supplemented with microalgal (Haematococcus pluvialis) AST at 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg diet for 6 wk.

Effect of dietary supplemental ascorbic acid and folic acid on the growth performance, redox status, and immune status of broiler chickens under heat stress.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplemental L-ascorbic acid (AA) and folic acid (FA) on broiler chickens under heat stress (HS) conditions when supplemented either alone or in combination. For this aim, the effect of these supplements on the broilers' growth performance, some blood parameters, antioxidant, and immune status were evaluated. Hatchling Cobb-500 broilers (total = 240) were fed either corn and soybean meal-based diet (control group) or basal diet supplemented with 200 mg AA/kg diet, 1.

Supplemental methionine and stocking density affect antioxidant status, fatty acid profiles, and growth performance of broiler chickens.

Broilers stocked in high densities may be prone to oxidative and inflammatory insults, resulting in impaired health status, growth performance, and meat quality. This study was to determine if 30% extra supplemental dl-methionine alleviated or prevented those adverse effects of a higher stocking density in broiler chickens. A total of 560 male Cornish Cross cockerels (day old) were divided into four groups: two stocking densities (9 and 12 birds/m2) and two supplementations of methionine (grower: 2.

Supplemental methionine exerted chemical form-dependent effects on antioxidant status, inflammation-related gene expression, and fatty acid profiles of broiler chicks raised at high ambient temperature1.

This study was to explore metabolic effects of two forms and concentrations of supplemental methionine in grower and finisher diets for broiler chickens raised at high temperature. Male Cornish cockerel chicks (total = 360, day-old) were divided into four groups (10 pens/treatment, 9 chicks/pen) and fed with 100% or 130% required methionine in the diets as DL-methionine (DL-MET) or 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoate (HMTBA). The room was maintained at 4 to 13 °C above the suggested thermoneutral temperature.

Supplemental Docosahexaenoic-Acid-Enriched Microalgae Affected Fatty Acid and Metabolic Profiles and Related Gene Expression in Several Tissues of Broiler Chicks.

This experiment was to enrich docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in broiler tissues through feeding a DHA-rich microalgal biomass and to explore the underlying metabolic and molecular mechanisms. Hatchling Cornish male broilers (total = 192) were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing a full-fatted microalgae ( Aurantiochytrium) at 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4% for 6 weeks ( n = 6 cages/treatment, 8 birds/cage). The inclusion of microalgae led to dose-dependent ( P < 0.

Dose-Dependent Enrichments and Improved Redox Status in Tissues of Broiler Chicks under Heat Stress by Dietary Supplemental Microalgal Astaxanthin.

Astaxanthin (AST) is a well-known carotenoid with a high antioxidant capacity. This study was designed to evaluate the nutritional and metabolic effects of microalgal AST added to the diets of broiler chicks under heat stress. A total of 240 Cornish male chicks (1 day old) were divided into six cages per treatment (eight chicks per cage) and fed a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with AST from Haematococcus pluvialis at 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg for 6 weeks.