A window-of-opportunity trial reveals mechanisms of response and resistance to navtemadlin in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

Inhibitors of murine double minute homolog 2 (MDM2) represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of wild-type glioblastomas (GBMs), reactivating p53 signaling to induce cancer cell death. We conducted a surgical window-of-opportunity trial (NCT03107780) of the MDM2 inhibitor navtemadlin (KRT-232) in 21 patients with wild-type recurrent GBM to determine achievable drug concentrations within tumor tissues and biological mechanisms of response and resistance. Participants received navtemadlin at 120 mg ( = 10) or 240 mg ( = 11) for 2 days before surgical resection and after surgery until progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Health literacy among the rural Bangladeshi population on first aid measures and prevention of snakebite.

Background: Bangladesh has a high rate of snakebite. In rural areas, there is a significant mortality and morbidity rate due to lack of awareness and inappropriate first aid practices. This study aims to determine the knowledge and practices of the rural population in two subdistricts of Bangladesh regarding snakebite prevention and first aid measures.

A B7-H3-Targeted CD28 Bispecific Antibody Enhances the Activity of Anti-PD-1 and CD3 T-cell Engager Immunotherapies.

T-cell activation is a multistep process requiring T-cell receptor engagement by peptide-MHC complexes (Signal 1) coupled with CD28-mediated costimulation (Signal 2). Tumors typically lack expression of CD28 ligands, so tumor-specific Signal 1 (e.g.

Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables of Bangladesh.

This study aims to evaluate the heavy metal concentration in fifteen species of vegetables as well as associated health risk. Atomic absorption spectrometry is used to assess heavy metals. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Fe in vegetables were 4.

Translational PK/PD and the first-in-human dose selection of a PD1/IL15: an engineered recombinant targeted cytokine for cancer immunotherapy.

Introduction: Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a potential anticancer agent and numerous engineered IL-15 agonists are currently under clinical investigation. Selective targeting of IL-15 to specific lymphocytes may enhance therapeutic effects while helping to minimize toxicities.

Methods: We designed and built a heterodimeric targeted cytokine (TaCk) that consists of an anti-programmed cell death 1 receptor antibody (anti-PD-1) and an engineered IL-15.

Annual risk of hepatitis E virus infection and seroreversion: Insights from a serological cohort in Sitakunda, Bangladesh.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute jaundice in South Asia. Gaps in our understanding of transmission are driven by non-specific symptoms and scarcity of diagnostics, impeding rational control strategies. In this context, serological data can provide important proxy measures of infection.

Clinical surveillance systems obscure the true cholera infection burden in an endemic region.

Our understanding of cholera transmission and burden largely relies on clinic-based surveillance, which can obscure trends, bias burden estimates and limit the impact of targeted cholera-prevention measures. Serological surveillance provides a complementary approach to monitoring infections, although the link between serologically derived infections and medically attended disease incidence-shaped by immunological, behavioral and clinical factors-remains poorly understood. We unravel this cascade in a cholera-endemic Bangladeshi community by integrating clinic-based surveillance, healthcare-seeking and longitudinal serological data through statistical modeling.

2D and 3D multiplexed subcellular profiling of nuclear instability in human cancer.

Nuclear atypia, including altered nuclear size, contour, and chromatin organization, is ubiquitous in cancer cells. Atypical primary nuclei and micronuclei can rupture during interphase; however, the frequency, causes, and consequences of nuclear rupture are unknown in most cancers. We demonstrate that nuclear envelope rupture is surprisingly common in many human cancers, particularly glioblastoma.

Prevalence and predictors of binge eating disorder symptoms among a sample of university students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional survey.

Background And Aims: There is a dearth of information about binge eating disorder (BED) among Bangladeshi university students, who may be more susceptible to BED due to the rise in unhealthy lifestyles and food habits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of BED symptoms among Bangladeshi university students.

Methods: Students ( = 525) from three public universities in Bangladesh participated in this cross-sectional study between November 2022 and March 2023.

Survey on sea snakebite and related morbidity and mortality among Bangladeshi fishermen in the Bay of Bengal: A pilot study.

Around two million people are engaged in marine fishing in the Bay of Bengal. Bites by sea snakes were common hazards feared by millions fishing at sea in earlier days. Current morbidity and mortality are also not known.

Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life amongst Indigenous Australians: A longitudinal analysis.

Background: The burden of multimorbidity has been observed worldwide and it has significant consequences on health outcomes. In Australia, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is comparatively low amongst Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders, yet no studies have examined the effect of multimorbidity on HRQoL within this at-risk population. This study seeks to fill that gap by employing a longitudinal research design.

REDCap and the National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank-a scalable and sustainable model for rare disease biorepositories.

Objective: Rare disease research requires data sharing networks to power translational studies. We describe novel use of Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), a web application for managing clinical data, by the National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank, a federated biospecimen, and data sharing network.

Materials And Methods: National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank (NMVB) uses REDCap to integrate honest broker activities, enabling biospecimen and associated clinical data provisioning to investigators.

A case-control study to determine the risk factors of dengue fever in Chattogram, Bangladesh.

Objectives: In a tropical country like Bangladesh, where the climatic condition favors the growth of mosquito vectors, the success of dengue prevention depends largely on the proper identification and control of risk factors. Therefore this study was aimed to explore the potential risk factors and their association with dengue infection.

Study Design: A case-control study including 150 cases and 150 controls was conducted in Chattogram district of Bangladesh.

Single cell spatial analysis reveals the topology of immunomodulatory purinergic signaling in glioblastoma.

How the glioma immune microenvironment fosters tumorigenesis remains incompletely defined. Here, we use single-cell RNA-sequencing and multiplexed tissue-imaging to characterize the composition, spatial organization, and clinical significance of extracellular purinergic signaling in glioma. We show that microglia are the predominant source of CD39, while tumor cells principally express CD73.

A study to validate the Ten-Question-Questionnaire + for the detection of moderate to severe neurological disabilities in older Bangladeshi children.

Purpose: Our study validated the Ten Question Questionnaire (TQQ+) for Bangladeshi children between 10 and 16 years. The TQQ + is a rapid screening tool for disability and was previously validated in children below 9 years of age.

Materials And Methods: The study was carried out in Chattogram, Bangladesh.

Narrative online guides for the interpretation of digital-pathology images and tissue-atlas data.

Multiplexed tissue imaging facilitates the diagnosis and understanding of complex disease traits. However, the analysis of such digital images heavily relies on the experience of anatomical pathologists for the review, annotation and description of tissue features. In addition, the wider use of data from tissue atlases in basic and translational research and in classrooms would benefit from software that facilitates the easy visualization and sharing of the images and the results of their analyses.

A descriptive study of Forcefully Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) presenting for care at public health sector hospitals in Bangladesh.

Background: In 2017 hundreds of thousands of 'Rohingya' fled to camps for Forcefully Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.

Objective: To describe the FDMNs presenting for care at public health facilities in Bangladesh so as to understand the health problems faced by the FDMNs and the burden on these public health facilities.

Methods: This study combined a retrospective review of existing hospital and clinic data with prospective surveillance in government health care centres.

HSF1 phase transition mediates stress adaptation and cell fate decisions.

Under proteotoxic stress, some cells survive whereas others die. The mechanisms governing this heterogeneity in cell fate remain unknown. Here we report that condensation and phase transition of heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1), a transcriptional regulator of chaperones, is integral to cell-fate decisions underlying survival or death.

Minerva: a light-weight, narrative image browser for multiplexed tissue images.

Advances in highly multiplexed tissue imaging are transforming our understanding of human biology by enabling detection and localization of 10-100 proteins at subcellular resolution (Bodenmiller, 2016). Efforts are now underway to create public atlases of multiplexed images of normal and diseased tissues (Rozenblatt-Rosen et al., 2020).

Highly multiplexed immunofluorescence images and single-cell data of immune markers in tonsil and lung cancer.

In this data descriptor, we document a dataset of multiplexed immunofluorescence images and derived single-cell measurements of immune lineage and other markers in formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tonsil and lung cancer tissue. We used tissue cyclic immunofluorescence (t-CyCIF) to generate fluorescence images which we artifact corrected using the BaSiC tool, stitched and registered using the ASHLAR algorithm, and segmented using ilastik software and MATLAB. We extracted single-cell features from these images using HistoCAT software.

Qualifying antibodies for image-based immune profiling and multiplexed tissue imaging.

Multiplexed tissue imaging enables precise, spatially resolved enumeration and characterization of cell types and states in human resection specimens. A growing number of methods applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections have been described, the majority of which rely on antibodies for antigen detection and mapping. This protocol provides step-by-step procedures for confirming the selectivity and specificity of antibodies used in fluorescence-based tissue imaging and for the construction and validation of antibody panels.

Correction to: An update on the CNS manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 2.

The article An update on the CNS manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 2, written by Shannon Coy, Rumana Rashid, Anat Stemmer‑Rachamimov and Sandro Santagata, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 04 June 2019 without open access.