Endocannabinoids disinhibit the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden to dorsal premammillary nucleus pathway to enhance escape behavior following learned threat experience.

Innate escape behaviors, while not requiring prior learning, are shaped by an animal's learned experiences, such as previous exposure. Here, we found that learned threat experience in mice enhances flight behaviors, which is linked to increased activation of cholecystokinin-expressing neurons in the dorsal premammillary nucleus (PMd neurons), a population that controls circa-strike escape responses. This heightened activity coincides with reduced inhibition from parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden (VTg), which typically suppress PMd activity and escape behaviors.

Venlafaxine Inhibits the Apoptosis of SHSY-5Y Cells Through Active Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the mechanism of venlafaxine in regulating the apoptosis of SHSY-5Y cells induced by hypoxia.

Methods: The CoCl2-induced neuronal hypoxia model was established based on SHSY-5Y cells. The morphology and related protein expression of SHSY-5Y cells were detected by qPCR, ELISA and Western blot.

Identification of major depressive disorder disease-related genes and functional pathways based on system dynamic changes of network connectivity.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading psychiatric disorder that involves complex abnormal biological functions and neural networks. This study aimed to compare the changes in the network connectivity of different brain tissues under different pathological conditions, analyzed the biological pathways and genes that are significantly related to disease progression, and further predicted the potential therapeutic drug targets.

Methods: Expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with postmortem cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) mRNA expression profile datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 76 MDD patients and 76 healthy subjects in ACC and 63 MDD patients and 63 healthy subjects in PFC.

Disturbance of Oxidative Stress Parameters in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorder and Their Association With Electroconvulsive Therapy Response.

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective option for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder (trBD). However, the mechanisms of its effect are unknown. Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the underpinnings of BD.

Predicting individual responses to lithium with oxidative stress markers in drug-free bipolar disorder.

This is the first study to investigate the oxidative stress (OxS) levels in drug-free bipolar disorder (BD) patients and their association with lithium response. A total of 61 drug-free BD patients and 49 controls were included. Patients treated with lithium were followed-up for 6 weeks.

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies specific modules and hub genes related to subsyndromal symptomatic depression.

The identification of the potential molecule targets for subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) is critical for improving the effective clinical treatment on the mental illness. In the current study, we mined the genome-wide expression profiling and investigated the novel biological pathways associated with SSD. Expression of differentially expressed genes DEGs) were analysed with microarrays of blood tissue cohort of eight SSD patients and eight healthy subjects.