P-type buried layer DTSCR with predicted improved overshoot performance and discharge ability for ESD protections of advanced nanotechnology.

A novel P-type Buried Layer Diode-Triggered Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (PBL-DTSCR) with predicted good performance in electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection is proposed in this work. With P-type ESD implantations and silicide blocking layers applied to this novel structure, the efficiency of the diode triggering path is greatly improved, thus enhancing the discharge efficiency of the main path. Moreover, the parasitic SCR path is minimized by replacing the PNPN structure in conventional DTSCR to PNPNPN structure in PBL-DTSCR.

Analysis of the antimicrobial mechanism of porcine beta defensin 2 against E. coli by electron microscopy and differentially expressed genes.

Porcine beta defensin 2 (pBD2) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide with broad spectrum antibacterial activity, which makes it a potential alternative to antibiotics to prevent and cure diseases of pigs. However, development of pBD2 as an effective antibiotic agent requires molecular understanding of its functional mechanism against pathogens. In this study, we investigated the functional mechanism of pBD2 antibacterial activity.

Cloning, expression and characterization of antimicrobial porcine β defensin 1 in Escherichia coli.

Porcine β defensin 1 (pBD1) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide with three pairs of disulfide bonds. When expressed in insect cells, two polypeptides of different length (pBD1(38) and pBD1(42)) accumulated, which differed by N-terminal truncation. However, only pBD1(42) was found in pigs.