TolCV1 inhibition by NPPB renders less virulent and more susceptible to antibiotics.

Bacterial efflux pumps play important roles in the antibiotic resistance and excretion of virulence factors. We previously characterized that TolCV1, a component of efflux pumps, plays critical roles in resistance to antibiotics and bile and also RtxA1 toxin secretion of . In this context, we speculated that TolCV1 blockers would have a dual effect of enhancing susceptibility to antibiotics and suppressing virulence of .

TolCV1 Has Multifaceted Roles During Infection.

RtxA1 is a major cytotoxin of () causing fatal septicemia and necrotic wound infections. Our previous work has shown that RpoS regulates the expression and secretion of RtxA1 toxin. This study was conducted to further investigate the potential mechanisms of RpoS on RtxA1 secretion.

Anti-allergic Inflammatory Components from the Leaves of Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.

Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. (P. crocatum), a traditional medicinal plant, has been shown to possess various pharmacological activities, including anticancer activity, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, anti-hyperglycemic activity, anti-allergic inflammatory activity and others.

DIDS inhibits Vibrio vulnificus cytotoxicity by interfering with TolC-mediated RtxA1 toxin secretion.

Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) infection, frequently resulting in fatal septicemia, has become a growing health concern worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the potential agents that could protect against V.

Anti-Melanogenic Effect of and Its Active Components Protein Kinase A/Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Responsive Binding Protein- and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor Downregulation.

H. Lév has been reported to have some pharmacologic activities and also interested in functional cosmetics. We found that the water extract of leaves significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-induced B16-F10 cells.

Inhibitory effects of ChondroT and its constituent herbs on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.

Background: ChondroT is a complex herbal medicine consisting of water extracts of Ostericum koreanum (Maxim.) Kitag., Lonicera japonica Thunb.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of in Macrophage Cells and DSS-Induced Colitis Mouse Model.

, known as sword bean, has been used as a Chinese traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory effects. However, the action mechanisms of sword bean have not yet been clearly defined. In the present study, the whole parts of a ripened sword bean (RSB) and the green sword bean (GSB) containing bean pod were extracted with ethanol by reflux extraction.

RtxA1 cytotoxin targets filamin A to regulate PAK1- and MAPK-dependent cytoskeleton reorganization and cell death.

Cytoskeletal rearrangement and acute cytotoxicity occur in infected host cells. RtxA1 toxin, a multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX), is essential for the pathogenesis of and the programmed necrotic cell death. In this study, HeLa cells expressing RtxA1 amino acids 1491-1971 fused to GFP were observed to be rounded.

Anti-allergic Inflammatory Effects of the Essential Oil From Fruits of .

is a rare shrub which grows in Korea and China. Pericarp of has been used as a crude medicine, but there are few researches about the pharmacologic activities. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-allergic inflammatory activities of the essential oil from fruits of ().

Anti-bacterial effects of components from L. on and their soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitory activity.

L. is a traditional herbal medicine, which is prevailingly applied to cure hemorrhoids, wounds and ulcers in Eastern Asian countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory effects of the extracts and components from .

Anti-allergic inflammatory components from Sanguisorba officinalis L.

Sanguisorba officinalis L. was well known as a traditional herbal medicine to treat inflammation and allergic skin diseases. The aim of this research was to indentify compounds with anti-allergic inflammatory property.

RtxA1 Toxin Expression Upon Contact With Host Cells Is RpoS-Dependent.

The expression of virulence genes in bacteria is known to be regulated by various environmental and host factors. , an estuarine bacterium, experiences a dramatic environmental change during its infection process. We reported that RtxA1 toxin caused acute cell death only when close contact to host cells was allowed.