Myopic shift in pediatric cataract surgery associated with age and surgical complications.

Purpose: To investigate predictors for myopic shift after pediatric cataract surgery after at least 3 years follow-up.

Study Design: Cross-sectional and retrospective study.

Methods: This study included patients treated for congenital or infantile cataract operated up to 5 years of age between 2010 and 2017.

Strabismus development after pediatric cataract surgery associated with age at surgery, intraocular lens implantation, and visual acuity outcome.

Purpose: Approximately half of the children operated on for cataracts develop strabismus. We determined what factors predict its development.

Methods: In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, children who underwent cataract surgery before age 5 between 2010 and 2017 in a tertiary center in Brazil were identified from medical records.

Natural history and predictors for progression in pediatric keratoconus.

We studied the demographic and clinical predictors associated with keratoconus progression in a pediatric population. Retrospective cohort study. We evaluated 305 eyes without previous surgeries from 168 patients, 9 to < 18 years old, and with a minimum 36-month follow-up in a hospital corneal ambulatory.

Causes of functional low vision in a Brazilian rehabilitation service.

There is limited information on functional low vision (FLV) in Latin America, especially in individuals under 50 years of age. In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 1393 consecutive subjects seen at a Brazilian tertiary rehabilitation service, from February 2009 to June 2016. We collected sociodemographic, clinical data, and information on optical aids and spectacle prescription.

Herpes simplex keratitis revisited.

The degree to which viral infection and the host's immune reaction to viral particles participate in the inflammatory process across various forms of herpetic keratitis has remained controversial. This fact has created conflicts regarding the classification of and therapeutic planning for such morbidities. This review aims to stimulate reflection on the classifications' adequacy, nomenclatures, and therapeutic approaches related to these entities.

Ocular findings among patients surviving COVID-19.

To describe the medium-term ophthalmological findings in patients recovering from COVID-19. Patients recovered from the acute phase of COVID-19 underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation, including presenting and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractometry, biomicroscopy, tonometry, break-up time and Schirmer tests, indirect ophthalmoscopy, color fundus picture, and retinal architecture evaluation using optical coherence tomography. Socio-demographic data and personal medical history were also collected.

Limitations and advances in new treatments and future perspectives of corneal blindness.

This review is intended to describe the therapeutic approaches for corneal blindness, detailing the steps and elements involved in corneal wound healing. It also presents the limitations of the actual surgical and pharmacological strategies used to restore and maintain corneal transparency in terms of long-term survival and geographic coverage. In addition, we critically review the perspectives of anabolic agents, including vitamin A, hormones, growth factors, and novel promitotic and anti-inflammatory modulators, to assist corneal wound healing.

Three-year follow-up in advanced pediatric keratoconus: thin corneas may not have pachymetry properly assessed after crosslinking.

Aim: To analyze the crosslinking (CXL) effects in pediatric keratoconus, and to identify the patients' corneal characteristics whose pachymetry could not be adequately evaluated by Scheimpflug method after procedure.

Methods: Consecutive pediatric patients with progressive keratoconus underwent CXL were included. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spheric equivalent (SE) were measured before and after CXL.

Complex strabismus: a case report of hypoplasia of the third cranial nerve with an unusual clinical presentation.

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders are a group of complex strabismus syndromes that present as congenital and non-progressive ophthalmoplegia. The genetic defects are associated with aberrant axonal targeting onto the motoneurons, development of motoneurons, and axonal targeting onto the extraocular muscles. We describe here the surgical management of a 16-year-old boy who presented with complex strabismus secondary to hypoplasia of the third cranial nerve and aberrant innervation of the upper ipsilateral eyelid.

Are iris mammillations correlated with keratoconus?

Purpose: To describe the presence of iris mammillations (IM) in keratoconus.

Design: Retrospective case series and literature review.

Observations: This is a retrospective case series of eight patients presenting with keratoconus and IM, who were examined between January 2016 and December 2017 in the ophthalmology outpatient clinic.

Adult-onset Buphthalmos in Down Syndrome.

Purpose: To report a peculiar case of adult-onset buphthalmos.

Methods: Review of the medical record of a 24-year-old patient with Down syndrome who developed buphthalmos in the left eye after corneal transplantation for keratoconus.

Results: In the next 2 years after surgery, the operated eye evolved with chronic anterior uveitis that led to progressive peripheral synechiae, oscillating intraocular pressure, cataract, graft failure, and buphthalmos.

Correlation between pathogenic species and clinical findings, disease severity, and visual outcome in patients with fungal keratitis.

Purpose: To determine whether a correlation exists between pathogenic species and clinical findings, disease severity, and visual outcome in patients with keratitis and fungal growth in microbiological culture.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients with fungal growth in the microbiological culture of corneal scrapings. Patients were treated at an ophthalmologic reference center in Southeastern Brazil from January 1992 to October 2015.

Eccentric fixation patterns, clinical findings, and reading speed in patients with bilateral toxoplasmic macular retinochoroiditis.

Purpose: To study visual acuity, refractive errors, eccentric fixation, and reading performance in patients with toxoplasmic macular retinochoroiditis.

Methods: Twenty-three participants with bilateral toxoplasmic macular retinochoroiditis and 4 with toxoplasmic macular retinocho-roiditis in their unique eye were evaluated. Participants reported their eye dominance, confirmed by the Portus and Miles test.

Oculomotor Status, Binocular Vision, and Stereoacuity in a Series of Keratoconus Subjects.

Purpose: A group of keratoconus subjects (KG) and a control group (CG) were evaluated for sensory and motor status. We tried to clarify the factors (best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA]), heterophorias, fusional amplitude, anisometropia, astigmatism) that may be associated with a binocular disturbance.

Methods: BCVA (logMAR) was measured.

Extraocular muscles in patients with infantile nystagmus: adaptations at the effector level.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of patients with infantile nystagmus have muscular and innervational adaptations that may have a role in the involuntary oscillations of the eyes.

Methods: Specimens of EOMs from 10 patients with infantile nystagmus and postmortem specimens from 10 control subjects were prepared for histologic examination. The following variables were quantified: mean myofiber cross-sectional area, myofiber central nucleation, myelinated nerve density, nerve fiber density, and neuromuscular junction density.

[Variations of postoperative ocular alignment in patients submitted to strabismus surgery].

Purpose: To determine the drift variations of the postoperative alignment in patients who underwent strabismus surgery and to identify possible risk factors associated with such occurrence.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed the variations in postoperative alignment drift of 819 patients who underwent rectus muscle surgery from January, 1995 to December, 2005 at the Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. The patients were divided into four groups according to the type of deviation (alternating esotropia, monocular esotropia, alternating exotropia and monocular exotropia).