Eccentric fixation patterns, clinical findings, and reading speed in patients with bilateral toxoplasmic macular retinochoroiditis.

Purpose: To study visual acuity, refractive errors, eccentric fixation, and reading performance in patients with toxoplasmic macular retinochoroiditis.

Methods: Twenty-three participants with bilateral toxoplasmic macular retinochoroiditis and 4 with toxoplasmic macular retinocho-roiditis in their unique eye were evaluated. Participants reported their eye dominance, confirmed by the Portus and Miles test.

Progress in animal experimentation ethics: a case study from a Brazilian medical school and from the international medical literature.

Purpose: This study describes in Brazil and in the global biomedical community the time course of the development of animal research welfare guidelines.

Methods: The database of the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto (EC/FMRP-USP), Brazil, was surveyed since its inception in 2002 as the regulations became more stringent to provide better protection of animal research welfare at this institution. Medline database was evaluated to identify the number of publications in the period between 1968 and 2008 that used research animals and were in compliance with established ethics guidelines.