Looking for Biomarkers Which May Explain Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance Attributed to Electromagnetic Fields (IEI-EMF): Does RF-EMF Exposure Influence Salivary Cortisol Response?

In order to understand Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance attributed to Electromagnetic Fields (IEI-EMF), it has been argued that it is crucial to test for effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on biomarkers, given that they can be more objective than symptom reports. While no clear evidence links RF-EMF exposure to biomarker changes, research remains limited and largely speculative due to the lack of known bioeffect mechanisms. However, there is in vitro evidence that cortisol is affected by heating, which, as RF-EMF causes heating, raises the possibility that RF-EMF exposure may increase cortisol via thermally mediated processes.

Characterization of the Core Temperature Response of Free-Moving Rats to 1.95 GHz Electromagnetic Fields.

The present study investigated the core body temperature (CBT) response of free-moving adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats, during and following a 3-h exposure to 1.95 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) within custom-built reverberation chambers, using temperature capsules implanted within the intraperitoneal cavity and data transmitted via radiotelemetry. Comparing RF-EMF exposures (at Whole-Body Average-Specific Absorption Rate [WBA-SAR] levels of 0.

Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and IARC carcinogen assessment: Risk of Bias preliminary literature assessment for 10 key characteristics of human carcinogens.

This is the first assessment of evidence needed to determine whether exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposures, below the levels recommended in the ICNIRP (2020) guidelines, can influence any of the ten key characteristics (KCs) of human carcinogens developed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). We define the 10 KCs and their relevance to carcinogenesis; review in vivo and in vitro studies relevant to the KCs; and conduct a risk of bias (RoB) analysis using 6 criteria. We did not include KC studies on genotoxicity or oxidative stress since Romeo et al.

What is the effect of alarmist media and radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on salivary cortisol and non-specific symptoms?

While there is consistent evidence that the symptoms reported by people who experience Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance attributed to Electromagnetic Fields (IEI-EMF) are closely associated with a nocebo effect, and that alarmist media reports may contribute to this nocebo effect, some methodological criticisms remain to be resolved. This study aimed to replicate previous findings and determine whether viewing an alarmist media report and being openly exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) could induce a salivary cortisol response. A total of 144 participants were randomly assigned to watch either an alarmist or control video before completing an open-label provocation trial where they were either exposed or not exposed to RF-EMF.

The Development of a Reverberation Chamber for the Assessment of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Energy Absorption in Mice.

In this paper, we present the design, RF-EMF performance, and a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of the reverberation chamber (RC) exposure systems that have been developed for the use of researchers at the University of Wollongong Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Australia, for the purpose of investigating the biological effects of RF-EMF in rodents. Initial studies, at 1950 MHz, have focused on investigating thermophysiological effects of RF exposure, and replication studies related to RF-EMF exposure and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in mice predisposed to AD. The RC exposure system was chosen as it allows relatively unconstrained movement of animals during exposures which can have the beneficial effect of minimizing stress-related, non-RF-induced biological and behavioral changes in the animals.

Adaptations of K 12 to Synchrotron Sourced THz Radiation.

The biological effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) irradiation in the terahertz (THz) range remain ambiguous, despite numerous studies that have been conducted. In this paper, the metabolic response of K 12 to EMF irradiation was examined using a 1.0 W m incident synchrotron source (SS) in the range of 0.

Shedding light on biochemical changes in single neuron-like pheochromocytoma cells following exposure to synchrotron sourced terahertz radiation using synchrotron source Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy.

Synchrotron sourced Fourier transform infrared (SS FTIR) microspectroscopy was employed to investigate the biological effects on the neuron-like pheochromocytoma (PC 12) cells after exposure to synchrotron sourced terahertz (SS THz) radiation. Over 10 min of exposure, the PC 12 cells received a total energy of 600 J m, with a total incident power density of ∼1.0 W m (0.

Characterising core body temperature response of free-moving C57BL/6 mice to 1.95 GHz whole-body radiofrequency-electromagnetic fields.

The present study investigated the core body temperature (CBT) response of free-moving adult male and female C57BL/6 mice, during and following a 2-h exposure to 1.95 GHz RF-EMF within custom-built reverberation chambers, using temperature capsules implanted within the intraperitoneal cavity and data continuously logged and transmitted via radiotelemetry postexposure. Comparing RF-EMF exposures (WBA-SAR of 1.

Support for the "Vancouver call for action to strengthen expertise in radiological protection worldwide": the position of organisations in formal relations with the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), recently expressed concern that "a shortage of investment in training, education, research, and infrastructure seen in many sectors and countries may compromise society's ability to properly manage radiation risks" and in 2022 announced the "Vancouver call for action to strengthen expertise in radiological protection worldwide". As representatives of organisations in formal relations with ICRP, we decided to promote this position paper to declare and emphasise that strengthening the expertise in radiological protection is a collective priority for all of us.

ICNIRP Statement on Short Wavelength Light Exposure from Indoor Artificial Sources and Human Health.

Concerns have been raised about the possibility of effects from exposure to short wavelength light (SWL), defined here as 380-550 nm, on human health. The spectral sensitivity of the human circadian timing system peaks at around 480 nm, much shorter than the peak sensitivity of daytime vision (i.e.

How to improve IARC's RF-EMF cancer hazard communication.

A crucial aspect of IARC's evaluation of the relative carcinogenicity of agents is the communication of its conclusions. The present paper addressed the experimental risk perception literature pertaining to IARC's radiofrequency electromagnetic field evaluation communication, and derived specific recommendations for improving it.

Genetic Transformation of Plasmid DNA into Using High Frequency Electromagnetic Energy.

We present a novel technique of genetic transformation of bacterial cells mediated by high frequency electromagnetic energy (HF EME). Plasmid DNA, pGLO (5.4 kb), was successfully transformed into JM109 cells after exposure to 18 GHz irradiation at a power density between 5.

Translocation and fate of nanospheres in pheochromocytoma cells following exposure to synchrotron-sourced terahertz radiation.

The routes by which foreign objects enter cells is well studied; however, their fate following uptake has not been explored extensively. Following exposure to synchrotron-sourced (SS) terahertz (THz) radiation, reversible membrane permeability has been demonstrated in eukaryotic cells by the uptake of nanospheres; nonetheless, cellular localization of the nanospheres remained unclear. This study utilized silica core-shell gold nanospheres (AuSi NS) of diameter 50 ± 5 nm to investigate the fate of nanospheres inside pheochromocytoma (PC 12) cells following SS THz exposure.

Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Neurobiological, Behavioral, and Psychological Symptoms in Early-Stage Dementia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Protocol.

The slowing of disease progression in dementia in the early stages of diagnosis is paramount to improving the quality of life for those diagnosed and their support networks. Accumulating evidence suggests that CBD, a constituent of , is associated with neuroprotective, neuroendocrine, and psychotherapeutic effects, suggesting that it may be beneficial to dementia treatment. However, no published human study to date has examined this possibility.

Localization of nanospheres in pheochromocytoma-like cells following exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields at 18 GHz.

Exposure to high-frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) at 18 GHz was previously found to induce reversible cell permeabilization in eukaryotic cells; however, the fate of internalized foreign objects inside the cell remains unclear. Here, silica core-shell gold nanospheres (Au NS) of 20 ± 5 nm diameter were used to study the localization of Au NS in pheochromocytoma (PC 12) cells after exposure to HF EMFs at 18 GHz. Internalization of Au NS was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Mobile phone carrying locations and risk perception of men: A cross-sectional study.

Little was known about the relationship between carrying mobile phone handsets by men and their risk perception of radiofrequency-electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure due to carrying handsets close to the body. This study aimed to determine where men usually carried their handsets and to assess the relationship to risk perception of RF-EMF. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire about mobile phone use, handset carrying locations, and levels of risk perception to RF-EMF.

Effect of ambient lighting on frequency dependence in transcranial electrical stimulation-induced phosphenes.

Inconsistencies have been found in the relationship between ambient lighting conditions and frequency-dependence in transcranial electric stimulation (tES) induced phosphenes. Using a within-subjects design across lighting condition (dark, mesopic [dim], photopic [bright]) and tES stimulation frequency (10, 13, 16, 18, 20 Hz), this study determined phosphene detection thresholds in 24 subjects receiving tES using an FPz-Cz montage. Minima phosphene thresholds were found at 16 Hz in mesopic, 10 Hz in dark and 20 Hz in photopic lighting conditions, with these thresholds being substantially lower for mesopic than both dark (60% reduction) and photopic (56% reduction), conditions.

Translocation of silica nanospheres through giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) induced by a high frequency electromagnetic field.

Membrane model systems capable of mimicking live cell membranes were used for the first time in studying the effects arising from electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of 18 GHz where membrane permeability was observed following exposure. A present lack of understanding of the mechanisms that drive such a rapid change in membrane permeabilization as well as any structural or dynamic changes imparted on biomolecules affected by high-frequency electromagnetic irradiation limits the use of 18 GHz EMFs in biomedical applications. A phospholipid, 1,2-dioleoyl--glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) labelled with a fluorescent marker 1,2-dioleoyl--glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine--(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl) (rhodamine-DOPE) was used in constructing the giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs).

The profile of unusual beliefs associated with metacognitive thinking and attributional styles.

Cognitive interpretations of daily events may differ in people from the general population who hold unusual beliefs. It is also important to understand whether different belief profiles exist to appreciate which patterns of beliefs are less psychologically healthy. Cluster analysis was used to form unusual belief profiles in a general population sample (n = 578; M  = 22 years, SD = 6.

Acute effects of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on auditory mismatch negativity.

Rationale: Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a candidate endophenotype for schizophrenia subserved by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function and there is increasing evidence that prolonged cannabis use adversely affects MMN generation. Few human studies have investigated the acute effects of cannabinoids on brain-based biomarkers of NMDAR function and synaptic plasticity.

Objectives: The current study investigated the acute effects of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) alone and in combination on the mismatch negativity (MMN).

Wi-fi related radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF): a pilot experimental study of personal exposure and risk perception.

The impact of providing people with an objectively measured personal radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure information on the risk perception of people is not well understood. We conducted an experimental study, among three groups of participants, to investigate the risk perception of people towards RF-EMF from Wi-Fi sources (ISM 2.4 GHz) by providing participants with either basic text, precautionary information, or a summary of their personal RF-EMF exposure measurement levels.

The Effect of GSM Electromagnetic Field Exposure on the Waking Electroencephalogram: Methodological Influences.

Although there is consistent evidence that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) increases the spontaneous resting alpha spectral power of the electroencephalogram (EEG), the reliability of this evidence is uncertain as some studies have also failed to observe this effect. The present study aimed to determine whether the effect of RF-EMF exposure on EEG alpha power depends on whether EEG is derived from eyes open or closed conditions and assessed earlier (<5-min) versus later (>25-min) in the exposure interval. Thirty-six adults participated in three experimental sessions, each involving one exposure: "Sham," "Low," and "High" RF-EMF corresponding to peak spatial specific absorption rates averaged over 10 g of 0, 1, and 2 W/kg, respectively.

Effects of Acceleration-Induced Reductions in Retinal and Cerebral Oxygenation on Human Performance.

Ischemic hypoxia induced by suprathreshold G-force loading can adversely affect vision, cognition, and lead to loss of consciousness (LOC). The purpose of this study was to determine whether reductions in cerebral oxygenation, caused by subthreshold G-forces (up to 4 G and of limited durations that do not lead to LOC), would affect visual perception and working memory performance. Sixteen subjects performed visual perception and working memory tasks both before and during G exposures (1, 2.

Retinal and Cortical Contributions to Phosphenes During Transcranial Electrical Current Stimulation.

It is generally believed that the phosphenes induced by transcranial electric current stimulation (tECS) are a product of retinal activation, even when electrode placement is directly over the primary visual cortex. However, the origins of these tECS-induced phosphenes have not yet been conclusively determined. In this study, phosphene detection thresholds using an FPz-Oz montage were compared with those from (i) an Oz-Cz montage to determine whether prefrontal regions, such as the retina, contribute to phosphenes and (ii) an FPz-Cz montage to determine whether the visual cortex in the occipital lobe contributes to phosphenes.