Covalent connectivity of glycogen in brewer's spent yeast cell walls revealed by enzymatic approaches and dynamic nuclear polarization NMR.

Yeast cell walls undergo modifications during the brewing process, leading to a remodelling of their architecture. One significant change is the increased insolubility of the cell wall glycogen pool, likely due to the formation of covalent bonds between glycogen and cell wall polysaccharides. To verify this hypothesis, we extracted the brewer's spent yeast with 4 M KOH, obtaining an insoluble glucan fraction (AE.

Feasibility of Brewer's Spent Yeast Microcapsules as Targeted Oral Carriers.

Brewer's spent yeast (BSY) microcapsules have a complex network of cell-wall polysaccharides that are induced by brewing when compared to the baker's yeast () microcapsules. These are rich in (β1→3)-glucans and covalently linked to (α1→4)- and (β1→4)-glucans in addition to residual mannoproteins. is often used as a drug delivery system due to its immunostimulatory potential conferred by the presence of (β1→3)-glucans.

Structural differences on cell wall polysaccharides of brewer's spent Saccharomyces and microarray binding profiles with immune receptors.

Brewing practice uses the same yeast to inoculate the following fermentation (repitching). Saccharomyces pastorianus, used to produce Lager beer, is widely reused, not changing its fermentation performance. However, S.

Contribution of Home Gardens to Sustainable Development: Perspectives from A Supported Opinion Essay.

Home gardening has a long history that started when humans became sedentary, being traditionally considered an accessible source of food and medicinal plants to treat common illnesses. With trends towards urbanization and industrialization, particularly in the post-World War II period, the importance of home gardens as important spaces for growing food and medicinal plants reduced and they began to be increasingly seen as decorative and leisure spaces. However, the growing awareness of the negative impacts of agricultural intensification and urbanization for human health, food quality, ecosystem resilience, and biodiversity conservation motivated the emergence of new approaches concerning home gardens.

Brewer's yeast polysaccharides - A review of their exquisite structural features and biomedical applications.

Recent advances on brewer's yeast cell wall polysaccharides have unraveled exquisite structural features and diverse composition with (β1→3), (β1→6), (α1→4), (β1→4)-mix-linked glucans that are recognized to interact with different cell receptors and trigger specific biological responses. Herein, a comprehensive showcase of structure-biofunctional relationships between yeast polysaccharides and their biological targets is highlighted, with a focus on polysaccharide features that govern the biomedical activity. The insolubility of β-glucans is a crucial factor for binding and activation of Dectin-1 receptor, operating as adjuvants of immune responses.

Isolation and identification of an arabinogalactan extracted from pistachio external hull: Assessment of immunostimulatory activity.

This work studies the extraction and purification of a novel arabinogalactan from pistachio external hull. It was extracted with a simple method from pistachio hull which is considered as unexploited waste. Based on the results of sugar analysis by GC-FID, glycosidic linkage by GC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and molecular weight by Size Exclusion Chromatography, pistachio hull water soluble polysaccharides (PHWSP) were identified as a type II arabinogalactan (AG), with characteristic terminally linked α-Araf, (α1 → 5)-Araf, (α1 → 3,5)-Araf, terminally linked β-Galp, (β1 → 6)-Galp, and (β1 → 3,6)-Galp.

Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity as a sustainable alternative approach for an efficient apple pomace drying.

Apple pomace valuation has been impaired by its high perishability and absence of fast drying approaches demanded by industry. This work aimed to assess the feasibility of Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity (MHG) process applied for apple pomace drying using discrete delivery powers (300-900 W) and comparison with hot-air drying (40-100 °C). To dry 0.

Structural elucidation and interfacial properties of a levan isolated from Bacillus mojavensis.

A strain with high exopolysaccharide (EPS) production was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus mojavensis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical properties. The EPS produced simultaneously with the growth phase reached a maximum of 22 g/L after attaining a stationary phase with sucrose used as sole carbon source. B.

Apple Pomace Extract as a Sustainable Food Ingredient.

Apple pomace is a by-product of apple processing industries with low value and thus frequent disposal, although with valuable compounds. Acidified hot water extraction has been suggested as a clean, feasible, and easy approach for the recovery of polyphenols. This type of extraction allowed us to obtain 296 g of extract per kg of dry apple pomace, including 3.

Revisiting the chemistry of apple pomace polyphenols.

Hot water is an easily implementable process for polyphenols extraction. To evaluate the effect of this process on apple pomace, the overall polyphenolic composition was assessed before and after hot water extraction, followed by extractions with aqueous/organic solutions. As determined by UHPLC-DAD, flavan-3-ols were the main apple native polyphenols.

How informative is the response of Ground Beetles' (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages to anthropogenic land use changes? Insights for ecological status assessments from a case study in the Neotropics.

Ground Beetles (Carabidae) have been suggested to be used as indicators of ecological status under the effects of anthropogenic land use and land cover changes in highly biodiverse regions such as the Neotropics. In this study Ground Beetles' assemblages from a region in the Brazilian Amazon were investigated for evaluating their applicability as disturbance indicators. Differences in assemblages between ecosystems, discriminated by complimentary methodologies, demonstrate a sensitive reaction from the most pristine forests to increasingly disturbed systems.

Dynamic models in research and management of biological invasions.

Invasive species are increasing in number, extent and impact worldwide. Effective invasion management has thus become a core socio-ecological challenge. To tackle this challenge, integrating spatial-temporal dynamics of invasion processes with modelling approaches is a promising approach.

Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and proanthocyanidin content of flours prepared from pequi (Caryocar brasilense Camb.) fruit by-products.

The potential of pequi by-products as substrates for the production of flours rich in antioxidant dietary fibers was evaluated. Dietary fiber contents ranged from 39.8 to 43.

Strengths of primary healthcare regarding care provided for chronic kidney disease.

Objective: to assess the structure and results obtained by the "Chronic Renal Patients Care Program" in a Brazilian city.

Method: epidemiological, cross-sectional study conducted in 14 PHC units and a secondary center from 2010 to 2013. The Donabedian Model was the methodological framework used.

A stochastic dynamic model to assess land use change scenarios on the ecological status of fluvial water bodies under the Water Framework Directive.

This method development paper outlines an integrative stochastic dynamic methodology (StDM) framework to anticipate land use (LU) change effects on the ecological status of monitored and non-monitored lotic surface waters under the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Tested in the Alto Minho River Basin District in North West Portugal, the model is an innovative step towards developing a decision-making and planning tool to assess the influence impacts such as LU change and climate change on these complex systems. Comprising a series of sequential steps, a Generalized Linear Model based, competing model Multi Model Inference (MMI) approach was used for parameter estimation to identify principal land use types (distal factors) driving change in biological and physicochemical support elements (proximal factors) in monitored water bodies.

Modifications of Saccharomyces pastorianus cell wall polysaccharides with brewing process.

The cell wall polysaccharides of brewers spent yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus (BSY) and the inoculum yeast (IY) were studied in order to understand the changes induced by the brewing process. The hot water and alkali extractions performed solubilized mainly mannoproteins, more branched for BSY than those of IY. Also, (31)P solid state NMR showed that the BSY mannoproteins were 3 times more phosphorylated.

[Prevalence of chronic kidney disease, stages 3, 4 and 5 in adults].

Introduction: Strategies that optimize early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are paramount to decrease progression of the disease and the burden of patients needing renal replacement therapy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CKD stage 3, 4 and 5 in people submitted to dosage of serum creatinine due to different causes, employing a dataset from a private laboratory of the city of Juiz de Fora comprising the years 2004 and 2005.

Methods: Diagnosis and staging of CKD were based upon glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated from serum creatinine as recommended by the KDOQI of the National Kidney Foundation and the Brazilian Society of Nephrology.