Adult classic Bartter syndrome: a case report with 5-year follow-up and literature review.

Bartter syndrome (BS) is a rare, inherited salt-losing renal tubular disorder characterized by secondary hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis, and low-to-normal blood pressure. Classic BS, or BS Type 3, the most common subtype in the Asian population, is caused by a molecular defect in ClC-Kb, a voltage-gated chloride channel in renal tubules, due to CLCNKB gene mutation. Because the onset of BS is more common in children than in adults, the diagnosis, treatment outcomes, genotype/phenotype association, and follow-up of adult-onset BS Type 3 are limited.

Numerical simulation of deformed red blood cell by utilizing neural network approach and finite element analysis.

In order to have research on the deformation characteristics and mechanical properties of human red blood cells (RBCs), finite element models of RBC optical tweezers stretching and atomic force microscope (AFM) indentation were established. Non-linear elasticity of cell membrane was determined by using the neo-Hookean hyperelastic material model, and the deformation of RBC during stretching and indentation had been researched in ABAQUS, respectively. Considering the application of machine learning (ML) in material parameters identification, ML algorithm was combined with finite element (FE) method to identify the constitutive parameters.