Use of evidence-based health professions education: Attitudes and practices of academic leaders.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the attitudes, practices, supports, and barriers of academic leaders regarding the use of Evidence-Based Health Professional Education (EBHPE).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 79 faculty members in leadership positions, from four different undergraduate colleges at Qassim University. A pre-validated questionnaire was distributed electronically.

Do multiple physiological OCT biomarkers indicate age-related decline in rod mitochondrial function in C57BL/6J mice?

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that rod photoreceptor mitochondria function progressively declines over time.

Methods: 2, 12, and 24 month-old dark- and light-adapted C57BL/6J (B6J) mice were examined by OCT. We measured (i) an index of mitochondrial configuration within photoreceptors measured from the profile shape aspect ratio (MCP/AR) of the hyperreflective band posterior to the external limiting membrane (ELM), (ii) a proxy for energy-dependent pH-triggered water removal, the thickness of the ELM-retinal pigment epithelium (ELM-RPE), and its correlate (iii) the hyporeflective band (HB) signal intensity at the photoreceptor tips.

Habitual short sleepers with pre-existing medical conditions are at higher risk of Long COVID.

Study Objectives: Preliminary evidence suggests that the risk of Long COVID is higher among people with pre-existing medical conditions. Based on its proven adjuvant role in immunity, habitual sleep duration may alter the risk of developing Long COVID. The objective of this study was to determine whether the odds of Long COVID are higher among those with pre-existing medical conditions, and whether the strength of this association varies by habitual sleep duration.

The effectiveness of supplemental oxygen and high-flow nasal cannula therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea in different clinical settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of supplemental oxygen therapy and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in different clinical settings to assess its application to surgical patients in the postoperative setting.

Design: A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE and other databases from 1946 to December 16th, 2021. Title and abstract screening were conducted independently, and the lead investigators resolved conflicts.

Multiple Bioenergy-Linked OCT Biomarkers Suggest Greater-Than-Normal Rod Mitochondria Activity Early in Experimental Alzheimer's Disease.

Purpose: In Alzheimer's disease, central brain neurons show evidence for early hyperactivity. It is unclear if this occurs in the retina, another disease target. Here, we tested for imaging biomarker manifestation of prodromal hyperactivity in rod mitochondria in vivo in experimental Alzheimer's disease.

Transducin-Deficient Rod Photoreceptors Evaluated With Optical Coherence Tomography and Oxygen Consumption Rate Energy Biomarkers.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that rod energy biomarkers in light and dark are similar in mice without functional rod transducin (Gnat1rd17).

Methods: Gnat1rd17 and wildtype (WT) mice were studied in canonically low energy demand (light) and high energy demand (dark) conditions. We measured rod inner segment ellipsoid zone (ISez) profile shape, external limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelium (ELM-RPE) thickness, and magnitude of a hyporeflective band (HB) intensity dip located between photoreceptor tips and apical RPE; antioxidants were given in a subset of mice.

Characteristics of Patients with Unrecognized Sleep Apnea Requiring Postoperative Oxygen Therapy.

Surgical patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have increased risk of perioperative complications. The primary objective is to determine the characteristics of surgical patients with unrecognized OSA requiring oxygen therapy for postoperative hypoxemia. The secondary objective is to investigate the characteristics of patients who were responsive to oxygen therapy.

Functional Changes Within the Rod Inner Segment Ellipsoid in Wildtype Mice: An Optical Coherence Tomography and Electron Microscopy Study.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that changing energy needs alter mitochondria distribution within the rod inner segment ellipsoid.

Methods: In mice with relatively smaller (C57BL/6J [B6J]) or greater (129S6/ev [S6]) retina mitochondria maximum reserve capacity, the profile shape of the rod inner segment ellipsoid zone (ISez) was measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) under higher (dark) or lower (light) energy demand conditions. ISez profile shape was characterized using an unbiased ellipse descriptor (minor/major aspect ratio).

Preoperative oximetry-derived hypoxemia predicts postoperative cardiovascular events in surgical patients with unrecognized obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be associated with postoperative cardiovascular events in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. The objective of the study is to determine whether preoperative oximetry-derived hypoxemia predicts postoperative cardiovascular events in surgical patients with unrecognized obstructive sleep apnea.

Design And Setting: The study was a planned post hoc analyses of a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Prevalence of preoperative cognitive impairment in older surgical patients.: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Objective: Older surgical patients with cognitive impairment are at an increased risk for adverse perioperative outcomes, however the prevalence of preoperative cognitive impairment is not well-established within this population. The purpose of this review is to determine the pooled prevalence of preoperative cognitive impairment in older surgical patients.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Virtual preoperative assessment in surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Objective: Preoperative assessment is a standard evaluation, traditionally done in-person in a preanesthesia clinic, for patients who will be undergoing a procedure involving anesthesia. Given the increased adoption of virtual care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to review the effectiveness of virtual preoperative assessment for the evaluation of surgical patients.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Incidence and Predictive Factors of Acute Kidney Injury After Off-pump Lung Transplantation.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and predictive factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) after off-pump lung transplantation.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The operating room and intensive care unit.

Simple screening model for identifying the risk of sleep apnea in patients on opioids for chronic pain.

Background: There is an increased risk of sleep apnea in patients using opioids for chronic pain. We hypothesized that a simple model comprizing of: (1) STOP-Bang questionnaire and resting daytime oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO); and (2) overnight oximetry will identify those at risk of moderate-to-severe sleep apnea in patients with chronic pain.

Method: Adults on opioids for chronic pain were recruited from pain clinics.

Can the complete blood count be used as a reliable screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea?

Purpose: Since hypoxia increases erythropoietin production and inflammation, the complete blood count (CBC) has been proposed as an inexpensive alternative for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not intermittent hypoxia and OSA severity, as measured by the mean oxygen saturation (SpO) and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), affect parameters measured by the CBC.

Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 941 surgical patients who had a pre-operative home sleep study.

Perioperative adherence to continuous positive airway pressure and its effect on postoperative nocturnal hypoxemia in obstructive sleep apnea patients: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Although continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, the perioperative adherence rate is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the perioperative adherence rate of patients with OSA with a CPAP prescription and the effect of adherence on nocturnal oxygen saturation.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included adult surgical patients with a diagnosis of OSA with CPAP prescription undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery.

Predictive performance of oximetry in detecting sleep apnea in surgical patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

Introduction: In adults with cardiovascular risk factors undergoing major noncardiac surgery, unrecognized obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was associated with postoperative cardiovascular complications. There is a need for an easy and accessible home device in predicting sleep apnea. The objective of the study is to determine the predictive performance of the overnight pulse oximetry in predicting OSA in at-risk surgical patients.

Predictive Performance of Oximetry to Detect Sleep Apnea in Patients Taking Opioids.

Background: Long-term use of opioids for treatment of chronic pain is associated with significant risks including worsening unrecognized or untreated sleep apnea that may increase morbidity and mortality. Overnight oximetry has been validated for predicting sleep apnea in surgical and sleep clinic patients. The objective of the study was to assess the predictive accuracy of oxygen desaturation index (ODI 4%) from home overnight oximetry when compared to apnea hypopnea index (AHI) from polysomnography for predicting sleep apnea in patients taking opioids for chronic pain.

The association between high risk of sleep apnea, comorbidities, and risk of COVID-19: a population-based international harmonized study.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase the risk of severe COVID-19; however, the level of potential modulation has not yet been established. The objective of the study was to determine the association between high risk of OSA, comorbidities, and increased risk for COVID-19, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) treatment.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based web survey in adults in 14 countries/regions.

Use and Performance of the STOP-Bang Questionnaire for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening Across Geographic Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent global health concern and is associated with many adverse outcomes for patients.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of the STOP-Bang (snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck size, gender) questionnaire in the sleep clinic setting to screen for and stratify the risk of OSA among populations from different geographical regions.

Data Sources And Study Selection: MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-process, Embase, EmCare Nursing, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, Journals@Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL electronic databases were systematically searched from January 2008 to March 2020.

Treatment for patients with sleep apnea on opioids for chronic pain: results of the OpSafe trial.

Study Objectives: Approximately 20% of North Americans are afflicted with chronic pain with 3% being opioid users. The objective was to determine whether patients on opioids for chronic pain with newly diagnosed sleep apnea attended sleep clinic review and followed treatment recommendations.

Methods: The study was a post hoc analysis from a multicenter perspective cohort study.

Diagnostic performance of the STOP-Bang questionnaire as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea in different ethnic groups.

Study Objectives: The STOP-Bang questionnaire is a concise and easy screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Using modified body mass index (BMI), we assessed the diagnostic performance of the STOP-Bang questionnaire in predicting OSA in ethnically different groups of patients undergoing surgery.

Methods: This was a multicenter prospective cohort study involving patients with cardiovascular risk factors who were undergoing major noncardiac surgery.

Concomitant benzodiazepine and opioids decrease sleep apnoea risk in chronic pain patients.

Background: The concurrent use of sedating centrally acting drugs and opioids by chronic pain patients occurs routinely despite concerns of negative impacts on respiration during sleep. The effects of centrally acting drugs and opioids on sleep apnoea have not been well characterised. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of concomitant centrally acting drugs and opioids on the prevalence and severity of sleep apnoea in chronic pain patients.

Predictive factors for sleep apnoea in patients on opioids for chronic pain.

Background: The risk of death is elevated in patients taking opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. Respiratory depression is the main cause of death due to opioids and sleep apnoea is an important associated risk factor.

Methods: In chronic pain clinics, we assessed the STOP-Bang questionnaire (a screening tool for sleep apnoea; noring, iredness, bserved apnoea, high blood ressure, ody mass index, age, neck circumference and male gender), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, thyromental distance, Mallampati classification, daytime oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SpO) and calculated daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME) approximations for each participant, and performed an inlaboratory polysomnogram.