Impact of short duration smoking cessation on post-operative complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Use of tobacco poses significant health risks, particularly in surgical patients, where smoking is a well-established risk factor for postoperative complications. Patients are often seen in the pre-assessment clinic 2-4 weeks prior to surgery, presenting a window of opportunity to intervene. The objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the impact of short-term smoking cessation on postoperative outcomes, focusing on the critical 2-4-week period preceding surgery.

Lucid Dreaming: Not Just Awareness, but Agency.

During lucid dreaming (LD), dreamers are aware that they are dreaming and may be able to influence the oneiric content. There has been recent debate about the relative importance of the ability to influence the dream and having agency over the pure awareness of dreaming. To underline this, we examined the associations of lucid dreams without agency (LD-Ag) and lucid dreams with agency (LD + Ag) to sleep and mental health problems and long COVID during the pandemic.

The utility of the Ascertain Dementia Eight-item Questionnaire (AD8) and Mini-Cog in detecting cognitive impairment in older surgical patients - The Detect CI study.

Background: Brain health is often overlooked before surgery, missing an opportunity to identify at-risk patients. This study aimed to (1) examine the diagnostic performance of two ultra-rapid cognitive screening tools, the Ascertain Dementia Eight-item Questionnaire (AD8) and Mini-Cog, against a tool validated in surgical populations, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); and (2) compare preoperative patient-centered assessments and postoperative outcomes between those with and without cognitive impairment (CI).

Methods: CI was classified by scoring ≥2 on the AD8, ≤2 on the Mini-Cog, and/or ≤25 on the MoCA in non-cardiac patients ≥65 years old.

The prevalence and trajectory of frailty in older surgical patients: a longitudinal multicentre cohort study.

Background: Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability and decreased physiological reserve, which can reduce one's capacity to cope with external stressors such as a major surgery. We aimed to (1) investigate the preoperative and postoperative prevalence of frailty in older surgical patients; and (2) evaluate preoperative risk factors associated with postoperative frailty.

Methods: This multicentre prospective study included 307 non-cardiac surgical patients aged ≥65 years.

Understanding preoperative concerns and attitudes towards prehabilitation in older surgical populations: A survey study.

Study Objectives: To identify common preoperative concerns in older surgical populations and explore their attitudes towards prehabilitation, functional, and cognitive assessments.

Design: Multicenter cross-sectional study.

Setting: Preoperative questionnaire examining preoperative concerns and attitudes towards prehabilitation, functional, and cognitive assessments.

Does cognition influence the perioperative trajectory of health-related quality of life? A longitudinal prospective cohort study.

Background: Further characterization is needed to capture the trajectory of health-related quality of life in older surgical populations with cognitive impairment. This study aimed to (1) compare the perioperative trajectory of health-related quality of life between older noncardiac surgical patients with and without cognitive impairment; (2) assess preoperative health-related quality of life values associated with adverse clinical outcomes; and (3) explore preoperative factors associated with poorer health-related quality of life over time.

Methods: Health-related quality of life was assessed online using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level questionnaire preoperatively and postoperatively at 30, 90, and 180 days.

Depression in older surgical patients: a multicentre prospective longitudinal study.

Background: A longitudinal examination of postoperative depression is important for risk assessment. We aimed to explore the prevalence and trajectory of depression in older surgical patients, before surgery, and at 30, 90, and 180 days after surgery, associated risk factors, and clinical outcomes.

Methods: This prospective cohort study assessed 307 male and female surgical patients aged ≥65 yr in two preoperative clinics in Canada.

Examining the association between sleep apnea and total hippocampal volumes in cognitive impairment.

Introduction: The prevalence of dementia is rising due to an aging population. Given the known risks of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on cerebrovascular health, we hypothesized that markers of OSA would correlate with reduced hippocampal volumes in individuals with cognitive impairment due to neurodegenerative, vascular, or mixed (NVM) etiologies.

Methods: Data from 166 patients were retrospectively analyzed.

Prevalence Rates of Frequent Dream Recall and Nightmares by Age, Gender and Sleep Duration in 16 Countries.

The present study aimed to describe the prevalence rates of frequent (i.e., at least weekly) dream recall and nightmares with consideration for differences in age, gender and sleep duration in 16 countries using equivalent assessment methods.

Sleep During Pandemic Times: Summary of Findings and Future Outlook Through the Lens of the International COVID Sleep Study (ICOSS).

To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep and circadian rhythms-two fundamental pillars for health-the collaboration International COVID-19 Sleep Study (ICOSS) was established. The present overview comprehensively discusses the findings from this collaboration. Involving sleep researchers across the globe, ICOSS used a harmonised questionnaire to cover changes in sleep and sleep disorders, as well as physical and mental health.

Prevalence of postoperative neurocognitive disorders in older non-cardiac surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Objective: The growing number of older persons undergoing surgery are at a higher risk of neurocognitive disorder due to multimorbidity and age-related changes. Previous reviews estimated postoperative neurocognitive disorder or cognitive dysfunction (POCD) prevalence without accounting for the sample size or study quality. The prevalence of POCD in this population requires further investigation.

An updated systematic review and consensus definitions for standardised endpoints in perioperative medicine: patient comfort and pain relief.

Background: Improving comfort during and after surgery is a key concern for anaesthetists and other clinicians. With the inclusion of patient and public involvement, we undertook a Delphi consensus process to update previously recommended endpoints to be used in clinical trials evaluating treatments aiming to improve patient comfort after surgery.

Methods: We undertook a systematic review to identify domains and outcome measures of patient comfort used in perioperative studies.

Effects of pharmacological therapy on sleep quality in a postoperative setting: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aims: Postoperative sleep disturbances are associated with delayed recovery and increased incidences of complications. This systematic review aims to determine the impact of perioperative pharmacological therapies on postoperative sleep quality in the hospital.

Material And Methods: We searched MEDLINE, MEDLINE ePubs and In-Process Citations (Daily), Embase Classic + Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to May 2022, with continued literature surveillance until August 2023.

Perioperative approaches to prevent delayed neurocognitive recovery and postoperative neurocognitive disorder in older surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aims: Delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) and postoperative neurocognitive disorder (P-NCD) are common postoperative complications affecting older patients. This review evaluates perioperative approaches for preventing DNR and P-NCD in older noncardiac surgical patients.

Material And Methods: We searched databases for relevant articles from inception through June 2022 and updated in May 2023 (PROSPERO ID CRD42022359289).

Preoperative assessment of patients at risk of postoperative respiratory depression.

Respiratory depression during sleep is a major health challenge after surgery. The main cause is reduction in breathing due to opioids, which are commonly used for management of postoperative pain. The consequences are hypoxemia and hypercapnia, which may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications, mortality, and healthcare utilization.

Sleep disturbances in older surgical patients with and without suspected cognitive impairment: A multicenter cohort study.

Aims: Early detection and management of sleep disturbances can improve postoperative outcomes given the high prevalence of sleep disturbances and unrecognized cognitive impairment in older surgical patients. There is an association between sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment in the general population. However, the relationship in older surgical patients has not been systematically investigated.

Adverse events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing procedural sedation in ambulatory settings: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be at increased risk for adverse events during procedural sedation, however, there remains a gap in the literature quantifying these risks. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the risk of peri-procedural adverse events in OSA patients undergoing procedural sedation in ambulatory settings, compared to those without OSA.

Methods: Four databases were systematically searched for studies published from January 1, 2011 to January 4, 2024.

Changes in health-related quality of life in young-old and old-old patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery: A systematic review.

Background: There is a significant gap in research exploring changes in postoperative health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients aged 65 years and older undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty.

Objectives: To investigate the variations in HRQoL improvement, as evaluated by patient-reported outcome measures following total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, and partial knee arthroplasty between the young-old and old-old adults.

Methods/design: We searched six online databases (including MEDLINE, Embase) from their inception dates to May 15, 2023.

The STOP-Bang questionnaire: A narrative review on its utilization in different populations and settings.

Study Rationale: Although the STOP-Bang questionnaire has been validated for its efficacy and diagnostic performance in various settings, there is no review that summarizes the pertinent evidence of the STOP-Bang questionnaire in the different populations. We aimed to review the evidence of the diagnostic performance of the STOP-Bang questionnaire, correlation between STOP-Bang scores and the probability of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and its clinical application in various populations.

Study Impact: This review guides healthcare providers in the sleep medicine and perioperative medicine disciplines to be better informed when using the STOP-Bang questionnaire in the different populations.