Targeting Spinal Interneurons for Respiratory Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal interneurons (SpINs) are pivotal to the function of neural circuits, orchestrating motor, sensory, and autonomic functions in the healthy, intact central nervous system. These interneurons (INs) are heterogeneous, with diverse types contributing to various neural systems, including those that control respiratory function. Research in the last few decades has highlighted the complex involvement of SpINs in modulating motor control.

Effects of short-term isolation on social behaviors in prairie voles.

Social isolation affects the brain and behavior in a variety of animals, including humans. Studies in traditional laboratory rodents, including mice and rats, have supported the idea that short-term social isolation promotes affiliative social behaviors, while long-term isolation promotes anti-social behaviors, including increased aggression. Whether the effects of isolation on the social behaviors of mice and rats generalize to other rodents remains understudied.

Aggression Unleashed: Neural Circuits from Scent to Brain.

Aggression is a fundamental behavior with essential roles in dominance assertion, resource acquisition, and self-defense across the animal kingdom. However, dysregulation of the aggression circuitry can have severe consequences in humans, leading to economic, emotional, and societal burdens. Previous inconsistencies in aggression research have been due to limitations in techniques for studying these neurons at a high spatial resolution, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying aggression.

Increased ambient outdoor temperatures are associated with increased disease flaring in hidradenitis suppurativa.

Despite evidence to suggest a relationship between time of year and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) flaring, no studies have been conducted to date to establish a relationship directly between temperature and flaring. In this study, we aim to validate a classification approach based on administrative data for identifying medical encounters that likely represent HS flares in patient with a known diagnosis of HS within the Mass General Brigham Health System (MGB) and examine the relationship between average daily temperatures and HS disease flaring among patients in Boston. This is a retrospective cohort study.

Models of care for intrauterine device provision in Australian general practice.

Background And Objectives: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are safe and effective forms of long-acting reversible contraception. However, uptake in Australia is low. Although general practitioners (GPs) manage contraceptive provision, little is known about IUD service delivery.

Postpartum contraception in Australia: opportunities for increasing access in the primary care setting.

In Australia, 20% of pregnancies occur within the first year after birth and most are unintended. Both unintended pregnancies and short interpregnancy intervals (<12-18months) can have adverse effects on maternal, infant, and child health. Access to postpartum contraception reduces the risk of unintended pregnancies and short interpregnancy intervals, and supports women in pregnancy planning and birth spacing.

General practitioner experiences in delivering early medical abortion services to women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds: A qualitative-descriptive study.

Background And Objectives: General practitioners (GPs) are ideally placed to deliver early medical abortion (EMA), yet little is known about how GPs deliver this care to women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. We explored GP experiences in providing EMA to women from CALD backgrounds and their recommendations for service improvements.

Method: This was a qualitative study involving telephone interviews with 18 Australian GPs who provide EMA to women from CALD backgrounds.

Viruses, Variants, and Vaccines: How COVID-19 Has Changed the Way We Look at Skin.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to evaluate the spectrum of cutaneous reactions after both SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination while simultaneously understanding the evolution of the field of dermatology in the face of an ongoing pandemic.

Recent Findings: The most commonly reported cutaneous reactions after COVID-19 infection in the literature to date include morbilliform or maculopapular rashes, chilblains, and urticaria. The incidence of cutaneous reactions after COVID-19 vaccination was 9% in larger cohort studies and more commonly occurred after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines than adenovirus vector vaccines.

The case for intra-operative X-ray in cochlear implantation: Four illustrative cases and literature review.

Objectives: To demonstrate the utility of routine intraoperative plain film imaging in optimizing outcomes in cochlear implantation.

Introduction: Evolving surgical techniques, programming, and electrode arrays have all improved performance outcomes in cochlear implantation. Yet despite decreasing complication rates, electrode misplacement remains a common occurrence.

Telling the story of intersectional stigma in HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in western Kenya: a convergent mixed-methods approach.

Introduction: The experience of stigma can be multifaceted for people with HIV and cancer. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), one of the most common HIV-associated cancers in sub-Saharan Africa, often presents with visible skin lesions that may put people at risk for stigmatization. In this way, HIV-associated KS is unique, as people with KS can experience stigma associated with HIV, cancer, and skin disease simultaneously.

Barriers and facilitators to chemotherapy initiation and adherence for patients with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in Kenya: a qualitative study.

Background: Kaposi sarcoma is one of the most prevalent HIV-associated malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa and is often diagnosed at advanced stage of disease. Only 50% of KS patients who qualify for chemotherapy receive it and adherence is sub-optimal.

Methods: 57 patients > 18 years with newly diagnosed KS within the AMPATH clinic network in Western Kenya were purposively selected to participate in semi-structured interviews stratified by whether they had completed, partially completed, or not completed chemotherapy for advanced stage KS.

Understanding Diagnostic Delays for Kaposi Sarcoma in Kenya: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Although HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage in sub-Saharan Africa, reasons for diagnostic delays have not been well described.

Methods: We enrolled patients >18 years with newly diagnosed KS between 2016 and 2019 into the parent study, based in western Kenya. We then purposively selected 30 participants with diversity of disease severity and geographic locations to participate in semistructured interviews.

Neurocysticercosis with symptomatic epilepsy manifestation.

Aim To present a unique case of a 22-year-old male patient with symptomatic epilepsy manifestation on a background of neurocysticercosis (NCC). Methods An Indian student in Kharkiv, who lived in rural parts in India, presented with sudden episodes of seizure followed by severe headaches. Laboratory analyses and neurological status (MRI) were performed.

Emerging Role of Janus Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic, inflammatory skin condition. The pathogenesis of AD involves many cytokines that utilize the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling cascade; therefore, JAK inhibitors may be used in the treatment of AD. This review aims to evaluate the pathophysiology, efficacy, and safety of JAK inhibitors and their emerging role as a therapeutic option for patients with AD.

Tourette syndrome or PANDAS-a case report.

Tourette syndrome (TS), a relatively common disorder, has been gaining more attention during the past two decades because of an increased number of reports. Nevertheless, it is still not completely understood. Furthermore, a clinical entity called "pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections" (PANDAS) has been introduced, which describes a tic disorder, accompanied by psychiatric disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), after a streptococcal infection in childhood.

Utility of a Quantitative Approach Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Prognostication Regarding Motor and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Surgically Resected Deep Intracranial Cavernous Malformations.

Background: Resection of deep intracranial cavernous malformations (CMs) is associated with a higher risk of neurological deterioration and uncertainty regarding clinical outcomes.

Objective: To examine diffusion tractography imaging (DTI) data evaluating the corticospinal tract (CST) in relation to motor and functional outcomes in patients with surgically resected deep CMs.

Methods: Perilesional CST was characterized as disrupted, displaced, or normal.