Vonoprazan in Management of Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: An Indian Expert Group Consensus Statements.

Background: Approximately, 40% of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients experience insufficient symptom relief from proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), resulting in PPI-refractory GERD (rGERD).

Objective: To review the existing literature and develop an Indian expert group consensus statement on the place of vonoprazan in the management of rGERD.

Materials And Methods: A panel of 35 leading Indian gastroenterologists extensively reviewed the literature to develop consensus statements for the management of rGERD in Indian patients, with a focus on the newly available potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), vonoprazan.

Association of mammographic breast density measurements and hormone receptor status of breast cancer.

Purpose: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women, with significant mortality. Mammography is a routine investigation for breast disease. A known risk factor for breast cancer is increased breast density.

Giant cell arteritis causing mesenteric ischemia without cranial manifestations: Report of an unusual case.

Giant cell arteritis is a medium to large vessel vasculitis involving most commonly temporal arteries, vertebral and ophthalmic arteries. Giant cell arteritis causing mesenteric ischemia is not so frequent, more so if it occurs without cranial manifestations. Here we present an unusual case of a 26-year-old male patient presenting with subacute intestinal obstruction due to giant cell arteritis leading to mesenteric ischemia.

Personalized 3D Printed Eye Gear for Microscopic Surgeons Amidst and beyond COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for enhanced protective measures for healthcare workers, particularly surgeons, who face a heightened risk of exposure to infectious aerosols. However, conventional eye protection equipment such as face shields, goggles, or glasses often leads to ergonomic discomfort and a reduced field of view (FOV), impeding surgeons' ability to perform microsurgical procedures with precision and ease. To address these limitations, this study aimed to develop personalized 3D-printed eye gear for microscopic surgeons based on facial anthropometry data.

Developing Standard Treatment Workflows-way to universal healthcare in India.

Primary healthcare caters to nearly 70% of the population in India and provides treatment for approximately 80-90% of common conditions. To achieve universal health coverage (UHC), the Indian healthcare system is gearing up by initiating several schemes such as National Health Protection Scheme, Ayushman Bharat, Nutrition Supplementation Schemes, and Inderdhanush Schemes. The healthcare delivery system is facing challenges such as irrational use of medicines, over- and under-diagnosis, high out-of-pocket expenditure, lack of targeted attention to preventive and promotive health services, and poor referral mechanisms.

Ultrasound and computed tomography in the evaluation of mesenteric lesions: A pictorial review.

Unlabelled: The mesentery is a broad fan-shaped fold of peritoneum that suspends the loops of small intestine from the posterior abdominal wall. Although primary neoplasms arising in the mesentery are rare, the mesentery is a major avenue for the dissemination of tumours, which can spread through hematogenous, lymphatic, direct or peritoneal seeding. Imaging helps in the diagnosis of these tumours and aids in directing appropriate treatment by assessing their size, extent and relationship with adjacent structures.

Do We Vary from Caucasians! Cephalometric Analysis for Orthognathic Surgery in Chhattisgarhi Population.

Aim: The aim of this study is to deduce the cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery in Chhattisgarh population by comparing with the analysis given by Burstone et al. for hard tissue and Legan and Burstone for soft tissue.

Materials And Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 70 subjects (35 male and 35 female) aged between 18 and 25 years having class I malocclusion, acceptable facial profile were recorded and traced for the analysis and interpretation using landmarks and values given by Burstone's analysis were obtained and further comparison was done for the values obtained for the Chhattisgarh population with that of Caucasians.

Mechanical Characterization and Standardization of Silicon Scalp and Dura Surrogates for Neurosurgical Simulation.

Background: Simulation-based neurosurgical training allows the development of surgical skills outside the operating room. However, the use of nonstandardized materials and poor haptic feedback remain the primary limitations of the surgical simulators. Therefore, this work proposes a comprehensive scheme for scalp and dura surrogate synthesis and their standardization for neurosurgical training.

Intravenous ganaxolone in pediatric super-refractory status epilepticus: A single hospital experience.

Synaptic GABA receptor (GABAR) internalization contributes to the drug resistant nature of super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE). Ganaxolone is a 3β-methylated synthetic analog of the endogenous neuroactive steroid, allopregnanolone, that has positive allosteric modulatory activity on synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA receptors. Ganaxolone is currently in clinical trials to treat rare pediatric seizure disorders and established and refractory SE.

Effect of the Segmentation Threshold on Computed Tomography-Based Reconstruction of Skull Bones with Reference Optical Three-Dimensional Scanning.

Background: A variety of applications related to neurosurgical procedures, education, and training require accurate reconstruction of the involved structures from the medical images such as computed tomography (CT). This study evaluates the quality of CT-based reconstruction of dry skull bones for advanced neurosurgical applications. The accuracy and precision of these models were examined with reference optical scanning.

Perceived usefulness of trauma audit filters in urban India: a mixed-methods multicentre Delphi study comparing filters from the WHO and low and middle-income countries.

Objective: To compare experts' perceived usefulness of audit filters from Ghana, Cameroon, WHO and those locally developed; generate context-appropriate audit filters for trauma care in selected hospitals in urban India; and explore characteristics of audit filters that correlate to perceived usefulness.

Design: A mixed-methods approach using a multicentre online Delphi technique.

Setting: Two large tertiary hospitals in urban India.

A pilot multicentre cluster randomised trial to compare the effect of trauma life support training programmes on patient and provider outcomes.

Introduction: Trauma accounts for nearly 10% of the global burden of disease. Several trauma life support programmes aim to improve trauma outcomes. There is no evidence from controlled trials to show the effect of these programmes on patient outcomes.

Role of virtual modules to supplement neurosurgery education during COVID-19.

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all aspects of neurosurgery education, and it is now challenging to conduct routine sessions. Maintenance of essential standard education among novice neurosurgeons during the pandemic is of paramount importance. The aim of this study was the development of virtual modules and validation of its role to supplement the neurosurgery education program.

Proximal Femoral Non-unions with Implant In Situ Treated by Revision Osteosynthesis: A Real Challenge.

Introduction: Proximal femur fractures non-union with implant failure creates a nightmare for both the surgeon and the patient. Meticulous surgical planning and the correct choice of the implant are essential to achieve success in the revision surgery.

Materials And Methods: Eleven patients with ununited proximal femur fractures including both intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures who had a failed previous implant were included in the study.

Knowledge of the Culture of Safety in Cholecystectomy (COSIC) Among Surgical Residents: Do We Train Them Well For Future Practice?

Background: Biliary injury is the most feared complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This study aimed to assess the awareness of culture of safety in cholecystectomy (COSIC) concept among the surgical residents in India.

Methods: A manual survey was conducted among general surgery residents attending a postgraduate course.

Evaluation of Gasless Laparoscopy as a Tool for Minimal Access Surgery in Low-to Middle-Income Countries: A Phase II Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Minimal access surgery is not available to most people in rural areas of low-to middle-income countries. This leads to an increase in morbidity and economic loss to the poor and marginalized. Gasless laparoscopic (GAL) procedures are possible in rural areas because they can be performed under spinal anesthesia.

A Review of Physical Simulators for Neuroendoscopy Skills Training.

Background: Minimally invasive neurosurgical approaches reduce patient morbidity by providing the surgeon with better visualization and access to complex lesions, with minimal disruption to normal anatomy. The use of rigid or flexible neuroendoscopes, supplemented with a conventional stereoscopic operating microscope, has been integral to the adoption of these techniques. Neurosurgeons commonly use neuroendoscopes to perform the ventricular and endonasal approaches.

Utility of Trucut Biopsy in Diagnosing Phyllodes Tumor.

Breast phyllodes are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms. Various classifications adopted to grade them into benign, borderline and malignant but the presently used one is the WHO classification of 2012. Trucut biopsy is a sensitive prediagnostic tool to grade phyllodes.

Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional digestive condition in the industrialized world. The gut microbiota plays a key role in disease pathogenesis.

Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis on case-control studies was conducted to determine whether there is gut microbial dysbiosis in participants with IBS in comparison with healthy controls and, if so, whether the dysbiosis pattern differs among IBS subtypes and geographic regions.

The gut microbiome and irritable bowel syndrome: State of art review.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, the physiology of which is not very well understood. There are multiple factors and pathways involved in pathogenesis of this entity. Among all, dysmotility, dysregulation of the brain-gut axis, altered intestinal microbiota and visceral hypersensitivity play a major role.

Dietary Alteration of the Gut Microbiome and Its Impact on Weight and Fat Mass: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Dietary alteration of the gut microbiome is an important target in the treatment of obesity. Animal and human studies have shown bidirectional weight modulation based on the probiotic formulation used. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis to assess the impact of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics on body weight, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass in adult human subjects.

The Role of Diet in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifaceted illness involving maladaptive shifts in the gut microbiota that affect the enteric nervous and immune systems, mucosal barrier function, the balance of neurotransmitters and hormones, and emotional well-being. There is abundant evidence indicating that certain foods elicit symptoms in IBS. Numerous elimination-type diets have been shown to alleviate symptoms.