Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Drug Development: Transforming Formulation and Innovation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has developed into a powerful tool that employs human knowledge to swiftly resolve complex issues. Significant advancements in computer learning and artificial intelligence present a revolutionary opportunity for pharmaceutical formulation, drug dis-covery, and dosage form testing. AI algorithms would analyze a tremendous amount of biological reference data, such as proteomics and genomes, to assist researchers in identifying target diseases and predicting their possible interactions with proposed approaches to treatment.

Assessment of Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life Following Laminectomy and Lateral Mass Screw Fixation in Patients With Cervical Myelopathy.

Introduction: Degenerative cervical myelopathy is a progressive neurological disorder resulting from extradural compression of the spinal cord at the cervical level. Clinically, it manifests with motor dysfunction, including hand clumsiness, gait instability, and signs of upper motor neuron involvement. In patients with multilevel cervical involvement, posterior decompressive laminectomy combined with lateral mass screw fixation is aimed at achieving effective spinal cord decompression while maintaining postoperative spinal stability.

A process-based life cycle assessment of the climate impact of a Swedish intensive care unit.

About 4.4% of the global emissions of greenhouse gases can be ascribed to healthcare. Intensive care is among the most resource intensive specialties and the purpose of this study was to quantify the total climate impact of a Swedish intensive care unit (ICU) and identify modifiable elements that can lower the intensive care unit's climate impact.

Dry Gangrene of Hand Secondary to Repetitive Intravenous Drug Abuse: A Case Series.

Introduction: Inadvertent intra-arterial drug injection is a serious complication of intravenous (IV) drug use that can lead to severe vascular damage, including ischemia, gangrene, and amputation. Although such cases are well-documented, there is limited emphasis on the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in preventing severe outcomes. This case series reports on patients who experienced gangrene of the upper limbs as a result of IVintravenous drug use, highlighting the significant clinical consequences of delayed treatment.

Targeting Investigation and Treatment in Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Type 2 myocardial infarction occurs in the absence of atherothrombosis, due to myocardial oxygen supply or demand imbalance, often during another acute illness. It is common and associated with poor clinical outcomes. No randomized controlled trials are available to guide investigation or treatment.

Clinical and Renal Outcomes in Multiple Myeloma with Involved Free Light Chains Exceeding 1000 mg/L at Diagnosis: Insights from an Indian Cohort.

Myeloma patients with high involved free light chains (iFLC) at diagnosis may exhibit a worse clinical course, independent of established prognostic factors. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and renal outcomes in Indian patients with baseline iFLC exceeding 1000 mg/L. All MM patients diagnosed between January 2021 and July 2023 with iFLC > 1000 mg/L were included with the primary and secondary objectives to describe overall survival (OS) and renal outcomes, respectively.

Sustainable machining of Inconel 718 using minimum quantity lubrication: Artificial intelligence-based process modelling.

Governments and industries are developing aggressive policies to reduce carbon emissions and shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy. On the other hand, industries struggle to reduce energy consumption and depend on production lot sizes to control energy requirements. In this regard, energy-efficient processing through CNC machine tools can potentially influence energy demand and requires energy-aware power consumption strategies for machining processes.

Effect of Botulinum toxin on non-motor symptoms in adult-onset idiopathic focal/segmental dystonia.

Background: Non-motor symptoms, including depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, pain and cognitive dysfunction, are a much more important predictor of quality of life than the severity of dystonia.

Objectives: To assess the effect of Botulinum toxin on non-motor symptoms and quality of life in patients with adult-onset idiopathic focal dystonia.

Methods: Patients aged > 18 years diagnosed with idiopathic focal dystonia were recruited in this longitudinal cohort study.

Context-Aware Trust and Reputation Routing Protocol for Opportunistic IoT Networks.

In opportunistic IoT (OppIoT) networks, non-cooperative nodes present a significant challenge to the data forwarding process, leading to increased packet loss and communication delays. This paper proposes a novel Context-Aware Trust and Reputation Routing (CATR) protocol for opportunistic IoT networks, which leverages the probability density function of the beta distribution and some contextual factors, to dynamically compute the trust and reputation values of nodes, leading to efficient data dissemination, where malicious nodes are effectively identified and bypassed during that process. Simulation experiments using the ONE simulator show that CATR is superior to the Epidemic protocol, the so-called beta-based trust and reputation evaluation system (denoted BTRES), and the secure and privacy-preserving structure in opportunistic networks (denoted PPHB+), achieving an improvement of 22%, 15%, and 9% in terms of average latency, number of messages dropped, and average hop count, respectively, under varying number of nodes, buffer size, time to live, and message generation interval.

Incidence of Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation and Its Risk Factors in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

Purpose: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients can lead to significant complications including post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Despite progress in managing EBV reactivation in allo-HCT recipients, data on clinical characteristics and prognostic implications of EBV viral load remain limited. Here, we aim to evaluate the prevalence, identify risk factors, and assess the clinical implications of EBV-DNA positivity in allo-HCT recipients.

Chemokine receptor CXCR4 based positron emission tomography imaging in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease.

Objective: To assess chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in lung parenchyma and on peripheral immune cells in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) patients.

Methods: SSc-ILD patients underwent 68Ga- CPCR4 Trifluoroacetate positron emission tomography (PET) scan, SUVmean in different lung regions and architecturally abnormal areas, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed. CXCR4 expression on peripheral immune cells using flow cytometer was studied and correlated with the different lung regions.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in India.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, our findings highlight changes in AML management strategies in India. There was a decrease in overall patient registrations, particularly at large referral centers, while smaller centers saw an increase, reflecting a shift towards more localized care. This shift was accompanied by a rise in the use of hypomethylating agents (HMAs).

Clinical Outcomes and Determinants of Survival in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Admitted to Intensive Care Units with Critical Illness.

Unlabelled: Outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies requiring ICU care for critical illness are suboptimal and represent a major unmet need in this population. We present data from a dedicated haematology oncology setting including 63 patients with a median age of 60 years admitted to the ICU for critical illness with organ dysfunction. The most common underlying diagnosis was multiple myeloma (30%) followed by acute myeloid leukemia (25%).

Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: a rare cause of epilepsy, ataxia and chorea.

A 34-year-old woman presented with insidious onset and gradually progressive cerebellar ataxia over 10 years, with generalised convulsions. On examination, there were myoclonic jerks, choreiform movements and cerebellar syndrome. Her family history suggested an autosomal dominant inheritance with anticipation.

Analysis of Molecular Genetic Variants of Lgals4 in Esophageal Cancer: A Preliminary Report.

Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and fourth most common in developing countries. Altered glycosylation pattern of cell membrane molecules along with inflammation is a characteristic attribute of oncogenesis. Galectin-4, a tandem repeat galectin, has shown effect on cancer progression/metastasis in digestive system cancers.

Residual phosphorus availability after soil application of different organic waste in varying soil P status soils.

Transformations of applied phosphorus (P) fertilizer to inaccessible residual soil P is the main cause of inadequate P availability to plants in the majority of the cultivated soils. This study investigated the effect of organic wastes (rice-residue biochar, farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), green manure (GM), and wheat straw (WS) on residual-P mobilization and its bioavailability in maize crops under different P status soils. Surface soil samples of 'medium-P' (12.

Shared and distinct genetics of pure type 1 diabetes and type 1 diabetes with celiac disease, homology in their auto-antigens and immune dysregulation states: a study from North India.

Aim: This study was undertaken to explicate the shared and distinctive genetic susceptibility and immune dysfunction in patients with T1D alone and T1D with CD (T1D + CD).

Methods: A total of 100 T1D, 50 T1D + CD and 150 healthy controls were recruited. HLA-DRB1/DQB1 alleles were determined by PCR-sequence-specific primer method, SNP genotyping for CTLA-4 and PTPN22 was done by simple probe-based SNP-array and genotyping for INS-23 Hph1 A/T was done by RFLP.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene frequency in acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation: a case control study.

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele frequencies have a known association with the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases.

Methods: We recruited 31 Indian patients of acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation (ADMH) and 60 unrelated, age-and-gender-matched healthy controls. After history and clinical examination, 5 ml of blood in EDTA vials was collected.

Protocolized Natriuresis-Guided Decongestion Improves Diuretic Response: The Multicenter ENACT-HF Study.

Background: The use of urinary sodium to guide diuretics in acute heart failure is recommended by experts and the most recent European Society of Cardiology guidelines. However, there are limited data to support this recommendation. The ENACT-HF study (Efficacy of a Standardized Diuretic Protocol in Acute Heart Failure) investigated the feasibility and efficacy of a standardized natriuresis-guided diuretic protocol in patients with acute heart failure and signs of volume overload.