Long noncoding RNAs as predictive markers for the early detection of diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes patients: a cohort study from a government hospital in West Bengal, India.

Background: Unattended diabetic neuropathy (DN) significantly contributes to lower limb amputations and diminished quality of life, making diabetes mellitus (DM) management a global public health concern. Altered expression levels of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) may play a pivotal role in neuropathy in diabetic conditions potentially linking hyperglycaemia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. The current study investigated whether the expression levels of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can serve as potential biomarkers for the early identification of subclinical diabetic neuropathy (DN) in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients.

Universal penalized regression (Elastic-net) model with differentially methylated promoters for oral cancer prediction.

Background: DNA methylation showed notable potential to act as a diagnostic marker in many cancers. Many studies proposed DNA methylation biomarker in OSCC detection, while most of these studies are limited to specific cohorts or geographical location. However, the generalizability of DNA methylation as a diagnostic marker in oral cancer across different geographical locations is yet to be investigated.

Identifying the genetic associations among the psoriasis patients in eastern India.

Psoriasis is a multifactorial genetic disorder manifested by hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes, along with the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the skin. Although ~80 genetic susceptibility variants were reported in psoriasis, many loci showed population-specific associations, warranting the need for more population-specific association studies in psoriasis. We determined the association of forty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 2136 psoriasis patients and normal individuals from eastern India.

Serum miRNA profiling identified miRNAs associated with disease severity in psoriasis.

Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, autoimmune skin disease involving a complex interplay of epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblast and infiltrating immune cells. Differential expressions of miRNAs are observed in psoriasis and the deregulated miRNAs are sometimes associated with disease severity. This study aims to identify miRNAs altered in the serum of psoriasis patients that are associated with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI).

Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in psoriasis pathogenesis.

Psoriasis is a complex genetic skin disorder typically manifested by red, scaly, and itchy plaques most commonly over the scalp, trunk, elbows, and knees. Histopathological features include thickening of the epidermal layer due to hyper-proliferation and abnormal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes along with infiltration of immune cells in the psoriatic skin. It is a chronic inflammatory relapsing disease, and there is currently no permanent cure for psoriasis.

MiRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in the serum of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder (OPMD) patients.

Objective: Cell-free microRNAs have shown differential levels in the serum of individuals under disease conditions suggesting its potential to act as biomarkers. A population specific miRNA signature in oral cancer is reported in different studies. We aim to identify a set of serum specific miRNAs that may differentiate oral cancer, oral pre-malignant conditions from the healthy individuals.

Parkinson's disease-associated 18 bp promoter variant of DJ-1 alters REST binding and regulates its expression.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a complex etiology. Presence of autosomal mutations in PARK7/DJ-1 gene has been associated with early-onset PD. Growing evidence has suggested that DJ-1 acts as a putative sensor of oxidative stress.

Effect of deletions in the α-globin gene on the phenotype severity of β-thalassemia.

Thalassemia is the most common inherited hemoglobinopathy worldwide. Variation of clinical symptoms in this hemoglobinopathy entails differences in disease-onset and transfusion requirements. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of α-globin gene deletions in modulating the clinical heterogeneity of β-thalassemia (β-thal) syndromes.

Performance assessment of genomic island prediction tools with an improved version of Design-Island.

Genomic Islands (GIs) play an important role in the evolution and adaptation of prokaryotes. The origin and extent of ecological diversity of prokaryotes can be analyzed by comparing GIs across closely or distantly related prokaryotes. Understanding the importance of GI and to study the bacterial evolution, several GI prediction tools have been generated.

Seroprevalence and Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody among healthcare workers following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.

Health care workers (HCWs) are in a higher risk of acquiring the disease owing to their regular contact with the patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the seroprevalence among HCWs pre- and post-vaccination. The serological assessment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was conducted in pre- and post-vaccination of first or both doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and followed up to 8 months for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and antibody titre.

Comparative genomics analysis of statistically significant genomic islands of Helicobacter pylori strains for better understanding the disease prognosis.

Bacterial virulence factors are often located in their genomic islands (GIs). Helicobacter pylori, a highly diverse organism is reported to be associated with several gastrointestinal diseases like, gastritis, gastric cancer (GC), peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer (DU) etc. A novel similarity score (Sm)-based comparative analysis with GIs of 50 H.

Co-Regulation of Protein Coding Genes by Transcription Factor and Long Non-Coding RNA in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Cells: An In Silico Analysis.

Altered expression of protein coding gene (PCG) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have been identified in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and tissues from COVID-19 patients. The functional role and mechanism (s) of transcriptional regulation of deregulated genes in COVID-19 remain largely unknown. In the present communication, reanalyzing publicly available gene expression data, we observed that 66 lncRNA and 5491 PCG were deregulated in more than one experimental condition.

MICaps: Multi-instance capsule network for machine inspection of Munro's microabscess.

Munro's Microabscess (MM) is the diagnostic hallmark of psoriasis. Neutrophil detection in the Stratum Corneum (SC) of the skin epidermis is an integral part of MM detection in skin biopsy. The microscopic inspection of skin biopsy is a tedious task and staining variations in skin histopathology often hinder human performance to differentiate neutrophils from skin keratinocytes.

A combination of circulating microRNA-375-3p and chemokines CCL11, CXCL12, and G-CSF differentiate Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis.

Differentiation of Crohn's disease (CD) from intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is a big challenge to gastroenterologists because of their indistinguishable features and insensitive diagnostic tools. A non-invasive biomarker is urgently required to distinguish ITB/CD patients particularly in India, a TB endemic region, where CD frequency is increasing rapidly due to urbanization. Among the three differentially expressed miRNAs obtained from small RNA transcriptomic profiling of ileocaecal/terminal ileal tissue of ITB/CD patients (n = 3), only two down-regulated miRNAs, miR-31-5p, and miR-215-5p showed comparable data in qRT-PCR.

Temporal variations of country-specific mutational profile of SARS-CoV-2: effect on vaccine efficacy.

In order to curb the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, nation-wide travel restrictions at different levels were implemented in different countries. Country-specific mutational profile may exist and have an impact on vaccine efficacy. We identified nonsynonymous mutations in approximately 215,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences during the 1st year of the pandemic in 35 countries.

Functional Mapping of Genetic Interactions between HLA-Cw6 and LCE3A in Psoriasis.

Functional studies to delineate the molecular mechanisms of causal genetic variants are the main focus in the post-GWAS era. Previous GWASs have identified >50 susceptibility loci associated with psoriasis. Functional understanding of the biology underlying the disease risk of most of these associated loci is unclear.

Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota During Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development.

Infection with specific pathogens and alterations in tissue commensal microbial composition are intricately associated with the development of many human cancers. Likewise, dysbiosis of oral microbiome was also shown to play critical role in the initiation as well as progression of oral cancer. However, there are no reports portraying changes in oral microbial community in the patients of Indian subcontinent, which has the highest incidence of oral cancer per year, globally.

analysis of altered expression of long non-coding RNA in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and their possible regulation by STAT1, STAT3 and interferon regulatory factors.

Altered expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), longer than 200 nucleotides without potential for coding protein, has been observed in diverse human diseases including viral diseases. It is largely unknown whether lncRNA would deregulate in SARS-CoV-2 infection, causing ongoing pandemic COVID-19. To identify, if lncRNA was deregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, we analyzed in silico the data in GSE147507.

Characterizations of SARS-CoV-2 mutational profile, spike protein stability and viral transmission.

The recent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection has affected more than 3.0 million people worldwide with more than 200 thousand reported deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 genome has the capability of gaining rapid mutations as the virus spreads.

A novel microRNA boosts hyper-β-oxidation of fatty acids in liver by impeding CEP350-mediated sequestration of PPARα and thus restricts chronic hepatitis C.

Imbalance in lipid metabolism induces steatosis in liver during Chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Contribution of microRNAs in regulating lipid homoeostasis and liver disease progression is well established using small RNA-transcriptome data. Owing to the complexity in the development of liver diseases, the existence and functional importance of yet undiscovered regulatory miRNAs in disease pathogenesis was explored in this study using the unmapped sequences of the transcriptome data of HCV-HCC liver tissues following miRDeep2.

The exosome encapsulated microRNAs as circulating diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma with low alpha-fetoprotein.

Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging to clinicians, particularly in a patient with low alpha-fetoprotein. Here, in silico, ex vivo and in vitro data were combined to identify liver-specific exosomal miRNAs as an early diagnostic marker for HCC. Transcriptome profiling for mRNA and small RNA in same HCV-HCC and normal liver tissues followed by cross-validation of 41 deregulated miRNAs (log FoldChange > 1.

Metabolic impairment in response to early induction of C/EBPβ leads to compromised cardiac function during pathological hypertrophy.

Chronic pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy in heart is preceded by a metabolic perturbation that prefers glucose over lipid as substrate for energy requirement. Here, we establish C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β) as an early marker of the metabolic derangement that triggers the imbalance in fatty acid (FA) oxidation and glucose uptake with increased lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes during pathological hypertrophy, leading to contractile dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This is the first study that shows that myocardium-targeted C/EBPβ knockdown prevents the impaired cardiac function during cardiac hypertrophy led by maladaptive metabolic response with persistent hypertrophic stimuli, whereas its targeted overexpression in control increases lipid accumulation significantly compared to control hearts.