Association between neonatal brain volume and school-age executive function in children born moderate-to-late preterm.

Background: Larger brain volumes in the neonatal period are associated with better 2-year cognitive development in children born moderate-to-late preterm (MLP). Whether these associations persist into school age for executive function (EF) is unknown.

Methods: Children born MLP underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age (n = 168) and EF assessment at 9 years (n = 159).

Executive Function Outcomes at School Age in Children Born Moderate-to-Late Preterm.

Objective: To compare executive function (EF) outcomes at school age between children born moderate-to-late preterm (MLP; 32-36 weeks' gestation) and term (≥37 weeks' gestation) across subdomains of attentional control, cognitive flexibility, goal setting, and everyday executive behaviors.

Study Design: Two hundred one children born MLP and 201 born at term were recruited from the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Children completed EF measures at 9 years of corrected age.

Elevated scaled scores when using the digital version of the WISC-V coding subtest.

This study investigated the digital version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V) Coding subtest in a large Australian clinical and non-clinical sample of 6-11 year old children ( = 794). Data was retrospectively pooled from several studies. Results showed the digital Coding scaled score was significantly elevated compared with all other subtests ( difference = 2.

Neurodevelopment at Age 9 Years Among Children Born at 32 to 36 Weeks' Gestation.

Importance: Although children born moderate to late preterm (MLP; 32-36 weeks' gestation) have more neurodevelopmental problems compared with children born early term or later (≥37 weeks' gestation), detailed understanding of affected domains at school age is lacking. Little is known of risk factors for poorer development.

Objective: To examine whether being born MLP compared with being born early term or later is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 9 years and to describe factors associated with poorer neurodevelopment in children born MLP.

Combined effects of age and hearing impairment on utterances and requests for clarification in spontaneous conversation and a referential communication task.

Background: The impact of hearing impairment is typically studied in terms of its effects on speech perception, yet this fails to account for the interactive nature of communication. Recently, there has been a move towards studying the effects of age-related hearing impairment on interaction, often using referential communication tasks; however, little is known about how interaction in these tasks compares to everyday communication.

Aims: To investigate utterances and requests for clarification used in one-to-one conversations between older adults with hearing impairment and younger adults without hearing impairment, and between two younger adults without hearing impairment.

Motor performance and attention outcomes in children born very preterm.

Aim: To examine the relationship between motor performance and attention in children born very preterm and at term, and investigate the presence of individual profiles of motor and attention performance.

Method: Attention and motor performance at 7 and 13 years were assessed in 197 children born very preterm (52.5% male) and 69 children born at term (47.

Early parenting behaviour is associated with complex attention outcomes in middle to late childhood in children born very preterm.

Attention deficits are common in children born very preterm (VP), especially for children with higher social risk. The aim of this study was to examine the association between parenting behavior and attention in children born VP, and whether this association is influenced by familial social risk. Two hundred and twenty-four children born <30 weeks' gestation and/or with a birth weight <1250 g were recruited at birth.

Near-Peer Teaching in Radiation Oncology: a Proof of Principle Study for Learning Treatment Planning.

Radiotherapy techniques are expanding in range and complexity; therefore, protecting learning environments where residents nurture treatment planning skills is critical. The evidence base for 'near-peer' teaching (NPT), where professionals at a similar career stage assist in each other's learning, is growing in hospital-based disciplines, but has not been reported in radiation oncology. The feasibility of a resident-led teaching programme for developing treatment planning skills was investigated herein with quality improvement (QI) methodology.

Relationships between behavioural and self-report measures in speech recognition in noise.

Objective: Using data from the n200-study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between behavioural (the Swedish HINT and Hagerman speech-in-noise tests) and self-report (Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Questionnaire (SSQ)) measures of listening under adverse conditions.

Design: The Swedish HINT was masked with a speech-shaped noise (SSN), the Hagerman was masked with a SSN and a four-talker babble, and the subscales from the SSQ were used as a self-report measure. The HINT and Hagerman were administered through an experimental hearing aid.

Facilitating the Voice of Adolescents in Hospitals Through Art: A Case Report.

Adolescence can be a challenging time, but even more so when diagnosed with a serious or chronic illness. Starlight Children's Foundation established the Livewire program after recognizing the unique needs of adolescents in hospitals. This article describes our experience of implementing an art-based project within the Livewire program, designed to facilitate the voice of adolescents with a serious or chronic illness and their siblings.

Coincidental splenic irradiation and risk of functional hyposplenism in oesophageal cancer treatment.

Introduction: Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) and radical radiotherapy are central to the management of distal oesophageal carcinoma. This study sought to establish whether the spleen receives a significant incidental radiation dose when treating distal oesophageal carcinoma with the standardised dCRT or radical radiotherapy doses.

Methods: In this single-centre retrospective study, all patients (n = 34) with distal oesophageal cancer, treated with either dCRT or radical radiotherapy over an 18-month period using a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning technique, were included.

Temporal fine structure: associations with cognition and speech-in-noise recognition in adults with normal hearing or hearing impairment.

Objectives: To investigate associations between sensitivity to temporal fine structure (TFS) and performance in cognitive and speech-in-noise recognition tests.

Design: A binaural test of TFS sensitivity (the TFS-LF) was used. Measures of cognition included the reading span, Raven's, and text-reception threshold tests.

Rates of Developmental Coordination Disorder in Children Born Very Preterm.

Objective: To examine the stability of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) throughout childhood in children born very preterm and term. Further, in the very preterm group, to compare perinatal variables and neurobehavioral outcomes at 13 years of age for children with persisting DCD and those with typical motor development.

Study Design: Prospective study of 180 very preterm and 73 term-born children assessed at 5, 7, and/or 13 years of age using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, with scores ≤16th percentile used to classify DCD.

Effect of eccentric exercise on quality of life and function in people with chronic heart failure: a pilot randomised controlled trial.

Purpose: To determine if eccentric exercise was effective, safe and feasible in increasing function and quality of life in people with heart failure compared to usual care and a waitlist control group.

Methods: A prospective, three-armed, parallel-design, assessor-blind, pilot randomised controlled trial with 1:1:1 allocation. Forty-seven participants (16 female; mean age 66 years) with mild to moderate heart failure were randomly allocated to either eccentric exercise, concentric exercise or a waitlist control group.

Comparison of Expressive Spoken Language Skills in Children With Cochlear Implants and Children With Typical Hearing.

When children start formal education, they are expected to be able to express complex thoughts. However, in order to do so, they need to be able to use both complex grammatical structures and a variety of words. One group that is at risk of having a delay in terms of their expressive language ability is children with cochlear implants (CI).

Vibration overtone hyperpolarizability measured for H.

The second hyperpolarizability (γ) of the H molecule was measured by gas-phase electric field induced second harmonic generation at the frequencies of the one-photon resonance for the 3-0 Q(J) overtone transitions (v, J = 0, J → 3, J for J = 0, 1, 2, and 3). The magnitude of the resonant contribution to γ was measured with 2% accuracy using the previously determined non-resonant γ for calibration. Pressure broadening and frequency shift for the transitions were also measured.

GOT SHINGLES? TEST FOR HIV. Severe shingles as first presenting infection in HIV/AIDS patient.

Late diagnosis of HIV is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Infected individuals need to be identified early and started on antiretroviral therapy to increase their survival and to limit transmission to the community. Historically speaking, late diagnosis has been a common occurrence in the United States, despite the majority of those patients having had a medical encounter in the year prior to their diagnosis.

Pragmatic Language Skills: A Comparison of Children With Cochlear Implants and Children Without Hearing Loss.

Pragmatic language ability refers to the ability to use language in a social context. It has been found to be correlated with success in general education for deaf and hard of hearing children. It is therefore of great importance to study why deaf and hard of hearing children often perform more poorly than their hearing peers on tests measuring pragmatic language ability.

Retracted Article: Temporal fine structure: relations to cognition and aided speech recognition.

Retraction statementWe, the Editor and Publisher of the , have retracted the following article.Rachel J. Ellis, and Jerker Rönnberg.

Relationships between adrenarcheal hormones, hippocampal volumes and depressive symptoms in children.

Early timing of puberty (i.e., advanced pubertal maturation relative to same-age peers) has been associated with depressive symptoms during adolescence.

Developmental Trajectory of Language From 2 to 13 Years in Children Born Very Preterm.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe language functioning at 13 years of age and examine its developmental trajectory from 2 to 13 years of age in children born very preterm (VP) compared with term controls.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty-four children born VP (<30 weeks' gestation) and 77 term controls had language skills assessed by using performance-based and/or parent-report measures at 2, 5, 7, and 13 years of age. Regression models were used to compare verbal memory, grammar, semantics, and pragmatic skills between the VP and term groups at 13 years of age.

Reliability of one-repetition maximum performance in people with chronic heart failure.

Purpose: Evaluate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the one-repetition maximum strength test in people with chronic heart failure.

Design: Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability study.

Setting: A public tertiary hospital in northern metropolitan Melbourne.

Keeping it together: Semantic coherence stabilizes phonological sequences in short-term memory.

Our ability to hold a sequence of speech sounds in mind, in the correct configuration, supports many aspects of communication, but the contribution of conceptual information to this basic phonological capacity remains controversial. Previous research has shown modest and inconsistent benefits of meaning on phonological stability in short-term memory, but these studies were based on sets of unrelated words. Using a novel design, we examined the immediate recall of sentence-like sequences with coherent meaning, alongside both standard word lists and mixed lists containing words and nonwords.