Global burden of drowning and risk factors across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021.

Drowning is a major global public health issue with marked variations in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across regions, age groups, and sexes. Although previous studies have examined global trends in drowning, few have comprehensively analyzed regional and national disparities while addressing potential reporting biases and confounding factors. Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, focusing on drowning-related incidence, death rates, and DALYs, and examined trends from 1990 to 2021 across various regions and countries.