Molecular epigenetics in the transition of white to brown fat.

Obesity and related metabolic disorders represent a significant global health challenge. A promising therapeutic avenue involves fat browning, the conversion of energy-storing white adipose tissue (WAT) into thermogenic beige fat, which dissipates energy as heat. Since brown fat dissipates more energy than white fat it is commonly characterized by increased mitochondrial biogenesis and the expression of thermogenic genes to enhance energy expenditure.

Exploring inflammatory and fibrotic mechanisms driving diabetic nephropathy progression.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, with inflammation and fibrosis serving as pivotal drivers of disease progression. Chronic hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress, activates immune pathways, and promotes extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, leading to irreversible kidney damage. Inflammatory cytokines contribute to DN progression, such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-17.

Comprehensive insights into leishmaniasis: From etiopathogenesis to a novel therapeutic approach.

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and is transmitted through the bites of infected sandflies. The disease is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations, from small skin blemishes to large deformable ulcers, classified as cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL), as well as severe systemic infections (Kala-Azar or visceral leishmaniasis [VL]), affecting the spleen and liver, along with atypical forms such as lupoid leishmaniasis. As one of the world's most neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis threatens more than 1 billion people globally, with 12 million currently affected and <1.

Exploring the Potential of Saffron as a Therapeutic Agent in Depression Treatment: A Comparative Review.

Depression is a significant mental health challenge globally. While traditional antidepressants are effective, they often have unwanted side effects. Saffron, a natural spice derived from L.

Therapeutic effects of OXY- Exo in diabetic wound injury.

Delayed wound healing are common complications for diabetic patients. In light of chronic hypoxia's delay in wound healing, it is hypothesized that providing a better oxygen environment at the wound site will promote diabetic wound healing. OXY-Exo is an innovative and effective therapy prepared from exosome-like vesicles of aloe vera gel, ginger juice and neem fruit sap.

Microbiology proficiency testing in fish and fishery products: detection of and .

This paper presents the results of two proficiency testing (PT) rounds conducted by the Export Inspection Agency (EIA) Chennai laboratory in 2021 for food testing laboratories in India. The PT program was designed in accordance with ISO/TS 22117, a standard for proficiency testing in food microbiology, and targeted and as the organisms of focus. The samples were found to be stable and recoverable during the analysis, and all PT sample packages were delivered to participant laboratories in good condition.

The Burden and Correlates of Waterpipe (Hookah) Smoking among Adolescents and Youth: A Systematic Review.

Background: This systematic review evaluated the available medical literature on the prevalence and trends of waterpipe tobacco smoking among adolescents and youth in jurisdictionally representative populations.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies from inception until 31 December 2022 that reported the burden of waterpipe smoking among adolescents and youth (10-24 years of age). We extracted qualitative data on the demographic characteristics, burden, and correlates of waterpipe smoking (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022310982).

Protective effect of standardised fruit extract of Roxb. ex Choisy against ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in Wistar rats.

Background And Aim: The fruit of is a rich and valuable source of bioactive compounds and is traditionally used for treating wounds and ulcers. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of chromatographically standardized fruit extract of (GCE) on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats and its possible mechanisms.

Methods: The effect of GCE (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated by determining various gastric ulcer parameters like gastric wall mucus, non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) content, microvascular permeability, endogenous antioxidant enzyme, and gastric histopathological study.

Association between educational level and total and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of over 694 000 individuals in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Objective: To study the association of educational level and risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer among Asian populations.

Design: A pooled analysis of 15 population-based cohort studies.

Setting And Participants: 694 434 Asian individuals from 15 prospective cohorts within the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Therapeutic hypoglycemic potential of Pentapetes phoenicea L. in experimentally induced hyperglycemic rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of endocrine system. This dreadful disease is found all over the world and is becoming a serious threat to the mankind health. Alternative to synthetic agents, plants provide a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs.

Burden of total and cause-specific mortality related to tobacco smoking among adults aged ≥ 45 years in Asia: a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts.

Background: Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases. We sought to quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths in Asia, in parts of which men's smoking prevalence is among the world's highest.

Methods And Findings: We performed pooled analyses of data from 1,049,929 participants in 21 cohorts in Asia to quantify the risks of total and cause-specific mortality associated with tobacco smoking using adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals.

Gastroprotective effect of standardized leaf extract from Careya arborea on experimental gastric ulcers in rats.

Context: The leaf of Careya arborea Roxb. (Lecthidaceae) has been advocated in Ayurveda for the treatment of various disorders, including ulcers, healing of wounds and several skin diseases.

Objective: The 70% ethanol (EtOH) extract of C.

A review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Fumaria indica (Fumitory).

Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley (Fumariaceae), known as "Fumitory", is an annual herb found as a common weed all over the plains of India and Pakistan. The whole plant is widely used in traditional and folkloric systems of medicine.

Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves and stem of Careya arborea Roxb.

Objective: To study detailed pharmacognostic profile of leaves and stem of Careya arborea (C. arborea) Roxb. (Lecthyidaceae), an important medicinal plant in the Indian system of medicine.

Morpho-anatomical and physicochemical studies of Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley.

Objective: To study morpho-anatomical characters and physicochemical analysis of Fumaria indica (F. indica) (Hausskn.) Pugsley, (Fumariaceae), an important medicinal plant used extensively for treating a variety of ailments in various system of indigenous medicine.

Protective effect of standardized extract of Cleome viscosa against experimentally induced gastric lesions in the rat.

Context: Cleome viscosa Linn. (Capparidaceae) is used traditionally in the Indian system of medicine as a carminative, anthelmintic, and diuretic, and used for healing wounds, ulcers and diarrhea.

Objective: A 70% ethanol (EtOH) extract of the aerial parts of Cleome viscosa extract (CVE) was investigated for gastroprotective activity in different gastric ulcer models in order to validate ethnobotanical claims regarding the plant use in ulcers.

Body mass index and diabetes in Asia: a cross-sectional pooled analysis of 900,000 individuals in the Asia cohort consortium.

Background: The occurrence of diabetes has greatly increased in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Asia, as has the prevalence of overweight and obesity; in European-derived populations, overweight and obesity are established causes of diabetes. The shape of the association of overweight and obesity with diabetes risk and its overall impact have not been adequately studied in Asia.

Methods And Findings: A pooled cross-sectional analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between baseline body mass index (BMI, measured as weight in kg divided by the square of height in m) and self-reported diabetes status in over 900,000 individuals recruited in 18 cohorts from Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan.

Association between body-mass index and risk of death in more than 1 million Asians.

Background: Most studies that have evaluated the association between the body-mass index (BMI) and the risks of death from any cause and from specific causes have been conducted in populations of European origin.

Methods: We performed pooled analyses to evaluate the association between BMI and the risk of death among more than 1.1 million persons recruited in 19 cohorts in Asia.

Higher risk of stillbirth among lower and middle income women who do not use tobacco, but live with smokers.

Objective: To investigate pregnancy outcomes among women living with smokers.

Design: Data were from a cohort study of 1,217 women recruited during 3-7th month of pregnancy and 96% followed-up after delivery. The main objective was to investigate effects of smokeless tobacco on pregnancy outcomes.

Smokeless tobacco use and risk of stillbirth: a cohort study in Mumbai, India.

Background: Maternal cigarette smoking has been causally associated with an increased risk for stillbirth. Preliminary reports suggest an increased risk for stillbirth with smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy.

Methods: We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study to investigate this association by using a house-to-house approach to recruit 1,217 women who were between 3 and 7 months' gestation.

Geographic pathology revisited: development of an atlas of cancer in India.

Information on 217,174 microscopically diagnosed cancers diagnosed in 2001-2002 was collected from pathology laboratories in 68 districts across India. Data collection took place primarily via the Internet. Average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for microscopically diagnosed cases (MAAR) by gender and site were calculated for each of the 593 districts in the country.