Genetic Therapies for Retinitis Pigmentosa: Current Breakthroughs and Future Directions.

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterized by progressive photoreceptor cell loss leading to irreversible vision loss. Affecting approximately 1 in 4000 individuals worldwide, retinitis pigmentosa exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity, with mutations in genes such as , , , , and , which contribute to its diverse clinical presentation. This review outlines the genetic basis of retinitis pigmentosa and explores cutting-edge gene-based therapeutic strategies.

Future Directions in Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment: Stem Cell Therapy, Nanotechnology, and PPARα Modulation.

This narrative review focuses on innovative treatment approaches to diabetic retinopathy to meet the urgent demand for advancements in managing both the early and late stages of the disease. Recent studies highlight the potential of adipose stem cells and their secreted factors in mitigating the retinal complications of diabetes, with promising results in improving visual acuity and reducing inflammation and angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. However, caution is warranted regarding the safety and long-term therapeutic effects of adipose stem cells transplantation.

Selective Bowman's layer transplantation in the treatment of neurotrophic corneal ulcers.

The aim of this paper is to present the surgical technique of selective Bowman's layer transplantation as well as the results of the surgery in patients with trophic corneal ulcers. The methodology of the study included three eyes from three patients with neurotrophic corneal ulcers grafting with corneal Bowman's layer. Pre- and postoperative analyses of the anterior segment of the eye were based on optical coherence tomography and slit-lamp assessment.

Clinical Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanics following Laser Refractive Surgery in Myopic Eyes: A Review of the Literature.

The role of corneal biomechanics in laser vision correction (LVC) is currently being raised in the assessment of postoperative corneal ectasia risk. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the changes in corneal biomechanics after LVC procedures based on a systematic review of current studies. The results of a search of the literature in the PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were selected for final consideration according to the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram.

Early influence of endotamponade on corneal biomechanical parameters, central corneal thickness and accuracy of intraocular pressure measurement.

To define the influence of air, SF6 gas and silicon oil 1000cs tamponade injection and oil tamponade removal on corneal biomechanics, central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure. 77 eyes referred to vitrectomy were divided into 4 groups: 19 to air tamponade, 21 to SF6 tamponade, 19 to oil tamponade, 18 to oil tamponade removal. Pre- and postoperative corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, corneal thickness, Goldman intraocular pressure (GAT) and corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) were analysed.

Pupil diameter during cataract surgery after intracameral injection of the first ready-to-use combination of mydriatics and anaesthetic at the beginning of surgery in patients with a preoperative pupil diameter <6 mm.

Purpose: We evaluated, in a real-life setting, the effect of Mydrane® (ready-to-use combination of tropicamide, phenylephrine hydrochloride and lidocaine, injected into the anterior chamber at the beginning of cataract surgery to induce mydriasis and intraocular anaesthesia) on the pupil diameter during cataract surgery in patients with a preoperative pupil diameter <6 mm after the use of topical mydriatics.

Methods: We collected and analysed the data of 59 consecutive patients whose pupils dilated to a diameter <6 mm after the administration of mydriatic eye drops during the preoperative visit and who received Mydrane® during cataract surgery.

Results: In the group of 59 patients with a preoperative pupil diameter <6 mm after topical mydriatics, cataract surgery was performed in 36 patients (61.

Reduced Corneal Sensitivity With Neuronal Degeneration is a Novel Clinical Feature in Wolfram Syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate corneal sensitivity and corneal nerve morphology among patients with Wolfram syndrome (WFS).

Design: An observational clinical case series with confirmatory experiments.

Methods: We included a group of 12 patients with biallelic mutations in the WFS1 gene and a control group composed of 30 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Clinical Application and Efficacy of Silver Drug in Ophthalmology: A Literature Review and New Formulation of EYE Drops with Drug Silver (I) Complex of Metronidazole with Improved Dosage Form.

The use of silver preparations in medicine is becoming increasingly popular. The basic aim of this evaluation was to review the literature on the clinical (in vivo) and antibacterial potential of silver preparations in ophthalmic diseases. The second goal was to summarize the results of experimental research on the use of silver preparations in ophthalmology.

Matrix Metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, Their Inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and sVEGFR-2 as Predictive Markers of Ischemic Retinopathy in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis-Case Series Report.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder associated with multiple organ involvement. The aim of the study was to present two SSc patients who were diagnosed with ischemic retinopathy in both eyes. As a background to our case study, we decided to investigate the imbalance of angiogenesis factors in 25 SSc patients in relation to 25 healthy controls.

Stable Mydriasis After Intracameral Injection of a Combination of Mydriatics and Anesthetic During Cataract Surgery: A Real-Life, Multicenter Study.

To evaluate the effect of Mydrane (contains tropicamide, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and lidocaine hydrochloride) on time needed to induce mydriasis and mydriasis stability during cataract surgery. This was an observational, non-interventional, multicenter study of patients undergoing cataract surgery who received Mydrane for mydriasis and intraocular anesthesia. The study was conducted at seven ophthalmology departments at university hospitals in Poland.

Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence as a Measure of Riboflavin and Ultraviolet and Accelerated Cross-Linking Exposure in Keratoconic Patients.

Purpose: The study was performed to analyze the prevalence of the conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) area in keratoconic eyes and changes caused by UVA-irradiation as a component of accelerated corneal cross-linking (aCXL).

Methods: The study group involved 20 keratoconic patients subjected to aCXL surgery in one eye. The comparative group consisted of 111 age- and sex-matched patients with healthy corneas.

Multiple Retinal Anomalies in Wfs1-Deficient Mice.

Background: Wolfram syndrome (WFS, OMIM: #222300) is an ultrarare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy and deafness. It has been reported that the average retinal thickness in WFS patients decreases with the progression of the disease.

Aim: To investigate retinal thickness and wolframin expression disorders in Wolfram syndrome 1 gene knockout (Wfs1KO) mice compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates.

Physical activity of patients with a primary open angle glaucoma.

Aim: To assess physical activity (PA) including its intensity in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: PA was characterized by the use of questionnaires: Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall and Historical Leisure Activity Questionnaire. A questionnaire of 36 questions, developed by the authors, was used to assess the level of knowledge about glaucoma.

The Role of Angiogenesis Factors in the Formation of Vascular Changes in Scleroderma by Assessment of the Concentrations of VEGF and sVEGFR2 in Blood Serum and Tear Fluid.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by tissue hypoxia, excessive fibrosis of skin and internal organs, and angiogenesis imbalance. The aim of the study was to evaluate in SSc patients the association between the retinal microcirculation disturbances and the presence of peripheral trophic changes and to determine the role of angiogenesis factors in the formation of vascular changes in scleroderma. Twenty-five SSc patients and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included to the study.

Effect of treatment with silver(I) complex of metronidazole on ocular rosacea: Design and formulation of new silver drug with potent antimicrobial activity.

Background: Metronidazole with well-soluble silver nitrate forms a complex with potent activity (synergism) against bacterial strains and fungi with simultaneous lower side effect than in the case of the two agents administered separately. This study aimed to establish effectiveness in the treatment of ocular rosacea with new formulation of drops and ointment with silver(I) complex of metronidazole.

Methods: Three patients suffering from serious ophthalmic complications of acne rosacea were treated with drops and ointments applied 3 times a day for 3 months.

Corneal Abnormalities Are Novel Clinical Feature in Wolfram Syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate corneal morphology among patients with Wolfram syndrome (WFS).

Design: Comparative observational longitudinal case series of WFS patients with a laboratory approach in the WFS1 gene knockout (Wfs1KO) mouse model.

Methods: A group of 12 patients with biallelic mutations in the WFS1 gene recruited from the whole country and a control group composed of 30 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) were evaluated in a national reference center for monogenic diabetes.

The HD-OCT Study May Be Useful in Searching for Markers of Preclinical Stage of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.

The aim of the study was to analyze the thickness of individual retinal layers in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in comparison to the control group and in relation to markers of diabetes metabolic control. The study group consisted of 111 patients with an average of 6-years of T1D duration. The control group included 36 gender- and age-matched individuals.

Influence of preoperative astigmatism on corneal biomechanics and accurate intraocular pressure measurement after micro-incision phacoemulsification.

Aim: To define the corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) prior to and following coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification in patients with corneal astigmatism.

Methods: Of 97 patients with cataracts were enrolled in the study. Group 1 included patients with corneal astigmatism (K1-K2) values of K1-K2<+1.

Association analysis of genetic polymorphisms and expression levels of selected genes involved in extracellular matrix turnover and angiogenesis with the risk of age-related macular degeneration.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration is a progressive eye disease affecting the macula and causing acute visual loss particularly in elder people. The aim of the study was an attempt to discern an influence of expression levels and functional genetic polymorphisms of selected genes related to the extracellular matrix turnover or neovascularization on age-related macular degeneration occurrence and progression.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 200 polish patients with recognized age-related macular degeneration (dry and wet) and compared the results with those obtained from matched 100 healthy control subjects.

Optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging visual pathway evaluation in Wolfram syndrome.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess parameters of retinal morphology by using high-definition optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with Wolfram syndrome (WFS) and their relation to optic tract atrophy in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Method: High-definition OCT and MRI parameters were evaluated in 12 patients with WFS (three males, nine females; median age at examination 12y 8mo, range 10y 2mo-15y 11mo) and referred to 30 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (12 males, 18 females; median age at examination 20y 5mo, range 16y 8mo-21y 4mo) and 33 typically developing comparison participants (10 males, 23 females; median age at examination 20y 7mo, range 13y-22y 4mo).

Results: Total thickness and quadrant thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), macular full-thickness parameters and macular ganglion cell layer/inner plexiform layer, intraorbital and intracranial thickness of the optical nerve, as well as the optic chiasm and visual tracts were significantly reduced in patients with WFS compared with those having T1D and the typically developing comparison participants.

Characteristics of Refractive Errors in a Population of Adults in the Central Region of Poland.

: To investigate the distribution of refractive errors and their characteristics in older adults from a Polish population. : The study design was a cross-sectional study. A total of 1107 men and women were interviewed and underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations, 998 subjects underwent refraction.

Retinal thickness as a marker of disease progression in longitudinal observation of patients with Wolfram syndrome.

Aims: Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is a recessively inherited monogenic form of diabetes coexisting with optic atrophy and neurodegenerative disorders with no currently recognized markers of disease progression. The aim of the study was to evaluate retinal parameters by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in WFS patients after 2 years of follow-up and analysis of the parameters in relation to visual acuity.

Methods: OCT parameters and visual acuity were measured in 12 WFS patients and 31 individuals with type 1 diabetes.

MicroRNA Expression Analysis in Serum of Patients with Congenital Hemochromatosis and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

BACKGROUND Congenital hemochromatosis is a disorder caused by mutations of genes involved in iron metabolism, leading to increased levels of iron concentration in tissues and serum. High concentrations of iron can lead to the development of AMD. The aim of this study was to analyze circulating miRNAs in the serum of congenital hemochromatosis patients with AMD and their correlation with the expression of genes involved in iron metabolism.

[Potential impact of colors of filters used in sunglasses on the melatonin suppression process].

Background: In this article the methods for determining spectral transmittance of optical radiation in the visible waveband range through selected materials used as optical filters against solar glare were described.

Material And Methods: Transmittance coefficients specified for the fraction of light passing through tested filters, taking into account the mechanism of eye adaptation to daylight and night vision and the melatonin suppression process were compared for 4 dyed sunglass filters.

Results: The values of transmittance coefficients specified for wavelength bands, 380-780 nm (for visible range) and 425-560 nm (for blue light range affecting the melatonin suppression process) were determined.