Reward Sensitivity, Pubertal Development, and Circadian Rhythms: A Window into Adolescent Risk for Depressive Symptoms.

Pubertal maturation is linked to changes in the reward and circadian systems, which may increase vulnerability to psychopathology. Less is known about the associations between reward and circadian systems preceding onset of psychopathology. The current study examined associations between trait reward sensitivity, circadian rhythms, pubertal development, and depressive symptoms.

Association between skin temperature variability and sleep apnea severity: findings from a pilot study.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may disrupt autonomic and vascular control, affecting skin temperature variability (STV). We aimed to assess whether STV (measured at distal and proximal sites) is associated with OSA severity (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] and percent of sleep time with oxygen saturation below 90% [T90]) and if STV can aid in non-invasive OSA risk screening.

Methods: Eighteen participants underwent two nights of polysomnography with simultaneous distal and proximal skin temperature recording using iButtons.

Weighted Hypoxemia Index: An adaptable method for quantifying hypoxemia severity.

Objective: To quantitate hypoxemia severity.

Methods: We developed the Weighted Hypoxemia Index to be adapted to different clinical settings by applying 5 steps to the oxygen saturation curve: (1) Identify desaturation/resaturation event [Formula: see text] by setting the upper threshold; (2) Exclude events as artifact by setting a lower threshold; (3) Calculate weighted area for each [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text]; (4) Calculate a normalization factor [Formula: see text] for each subject; (5) Calculate the Weighted Hypoxemia Index as the summation of all weighted areas multiplied by [Formula: see text]. We assessed the Weighted Hypoxemia Index predictive value for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality using the Sleep Heart Health Study (enrollment 1995-1998, 11.

Multidimensional Characterization of Long COVID Fatigue.

Objectives: We performed a multidimensional analysis of mood, cognition, sleep and circadian rhythms in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) with the objective of characterizing the phenotype of PASC fatigue.

Methods: We recruited adult patients from a Neuro-COVID-19 Clinic with persistence of disabling symptoms beyond 6 weeks from acute infection. Self-reported symptoms were assessed with Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System instruments.

Sleep Matters: Exploring the Link Between Sleep Disturbances and Fatigue in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: Fatigue is a prevalent and debilitating symptom for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While patients and rheumatologists often attribute fatigue to inflammation, other factors such as sleep disturbances are frequently overlooked. This study aims to explore the relationship between subjective (self-reported) and objective (actigraphy-based) sleep parameters and self-reported fatigue in patients with RA.

Sleep Following a Stroke: Multimodal Evaluation of Sleep Health and Disruptions and Impact on Recovery During Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation.

BackgroundOur understanding of sleep during early stroke care and its impact on rehabilitation outcomes remains limited. The objectives of this work were to (1) evaluate multidimensional sleep health and disruptions during acute inpatient rehabilitation for individuals with stroke, and (2) explore the relationship between sleep health/disruptions and functional recovery.MethodsData from 103 individuals with stroke were analyzed during acute inpatient rehabilitation.

Trajectories of sleep disturbance and self-management of chronic conditions during COVID-19 among middle-aged and older adults.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a widespread impact on sleep quality, yet little is known about the prevalence of sleep disturbance and its impact on self-management of chronic conditions during the ongoing pandemic. To evaluate trajectories of sleep disturbance and their associations with one's capacity to self-manage chronic conditions. A longitudinal cohort study linked to 3 active clinical trials and 2 cohort studies with 5 time points of sleep data collection (July 15, 2020-May 23, 2022).

Migraine and sleep apnea, insomnia, and sleep patterns in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Objective: To quantify the prevalence of migraine and examine its association with sleep disorders, patterns, and symptoms in adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). We hypothesized that migraine would be associated with insomnia but not sleep apnea.

Background: Sparse research has examined migraine prevalence and sleep comorbidities in underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in the United States.

Novel perspective of 'poor sleep' in public health: a narrative review.

A high percentage of people worldwide complain of sleep disturbances; however, the vast majority do not meet the diagnostic criteria for insomnia or other classic sleep disorders. Therefore, the 'classical' concept of remains undetected, and patients stay ignored and unidentified. Also, has been strongly associated with increased daytime function impairment, morbidity and mortality and is considered a risk factor for developing mental disorders.

Characteristics of objectively-measured naturalistic light exposure patterns in U.S. adults: A cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts.

Light is an environmental feature important for human physiology. Investigation of how light affects population health requires exposure assessment and personal biomonitoring efforts. Here, we derived measures of amount, duration, regularity, and timing from objective personal light (lux) measurement in >4000 participants across two United States (US)-based cohort studies, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), encompassing eight geographic regions.

Stakeholder-informed refinement of a behavioral sleep/circadian intervention for gynecologic cancer survivors: an application of the MOST preparation phase.

Background: Sleep disturbance is among the most frequent and distressing symptoms reported by gynecologic cancer survivors. Existing evidence-based behavioral sleep interventions are limited by implementation burden, which can decrease adherence.

Purpose: As part of the preparation phase of the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), this study solicited stakeholder feedback to maximize adherence in a planned behavioral sleep/circadian intervention optimization trial.

Sleep regularity in adolescents: Associations with sleep, rest-activity indices, and prospective substance use and depression.

Sleep is important for adolescent development and has been linked to a variety of mental health difficulties. New research suggests that sleep irregularity may be more clinically relevant than relying on mean values. This study aimed to (1) quantify the relationship between the sleep regularity index (SRI), a novel parameter reflecting the probability that an individual will be in the same state [asleep or awake] 24 h apart, and other actigraphy-derived sleep and rest-activity metrics, (2) evaluate concurrent and prospective associations between the SRI and mental health symptoms (depressive symptoms and substance use), and (3) test sex as a moderator.

Early pregnancy health behaviors, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and maternal blood pressure after pregnancy.

Background: Individual health behaviors are associated with pregnancy outcomes, but their joint effects are rarely considered. We aimed to examine associations between combinations of first trimester health behaviors and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), normotensive adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), and blood pressure (BP) 2-7 years after delivery.

Methods: Participants in the nuMoM2b and follow-up Heart Health Study were included.

Persistent Short Sleep Duration From Pregnancy to 2 to 7 Years After Delivery and Metabolic Health.

Importance: Short sleep duration during pregnancy and the perimenopausal period has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. However, it remains unclear how sleep duration changes after delivery and whether such changes are associated with the cardiometabolic health of birthing people.

Objective: To investigate whether persistently short sleep during pregnancy and after delivery is associated with incident hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

Treatment of OSA and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease, Part 2: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Many studies have shown an association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with incident cardiovascular diseases, particularly when comorbid with insomnia, excessive sleepiness, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that treatment of OSA with positive airway pressure devices (CPAP) improves systemic hypertension, particularly in those with resistant hypertension who are adherent to CPAP. However, large RCTs have not shown long-term benefits of CPAP on hard cardiovascular outcomes, but post hoc analyses of these RCTs have demonstrated improved hard outcomes in those who use CPAP adequately.

Interactions of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Part 1: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

The American Heart Association considers sleep health an essential component of cardiovascular health, and sleep is generally a time of cardiovascular quiescence, such that any deviation from normal sleep may be associated with adverse cardiovascular consequences. Many studies have shown that both impaired quantity and quality of sleep, particularly with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and comorbid sleep disorders, are associated with incident cardiometabolic consequences. OSA is associated with repetitive episodes of altered blood gases, arousals, large negative swings in intrathoracic pressures, and increased sympathetic activity.

Cardiovascular Risks in People With Narcolepsy: Expert Panel Consensus Recommendations.

Background: Observational and retrospective studies suggest that people with narcolepsy may have an increased prevalence of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic comorbidities and may be at greater risk for future cardiovascular events. An expert consensus panel was formed to establish agreement on the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular/cardiometabolic disease in people with narcolepsy and to develop strategies to mitigate these risks.

Methods And Results: Experts in sleep medicine and cardiology were selected to participate in the panel.

A novel methodology for emotion recognition through 62-lead EEG signals: multilevel heterogeneous recurrence analysis.

Objective: Recognizing emotions from electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a challenging task due to the complex, nonlinear, and nonstationary characteristics of brain activity. Traditional methods often fail to capture these subtle dynamics, while deep learning approaches lack explainability. In this research, we introduce a novel three-phase methodology integrating manifold embedding, multilevel heterogeneous recurrence analysis (MHRA), and ensemble learning to address these limitations in EEG-based emotion recognition.

Wireless wearable sensors can facilitate rapid detection of sleep apnea in hospitalized stroke patients.

Study Objectives: To evaluate wearable devices and machine learning for detecting sleep apnea in patients with stroke at an acute inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF).

Methods: A total of 76 individuals with stroke wore a standard home sleep apnea test (ApneaLink Air), a multimodal, wireless wearable sensor system (ANNE), and a research-grade actigraphy device (ActiWatch) for at least 1 night during their first week after IRF admission as part of a larger clinical trial. Logistic regression algorithms were trained to detect sleep apnea using biometric features obtained from the ANNE sensors and ground truth apnea rating from the ApneaLink Air.