Social determinants of cardiovascular disease in women with and without breast cancer.

Purpose: Social determinants of health (SDOH) may impact cardiovascular (CV) risk in women with and without breast cancer (BC).

Methods: In 153,401 participants without prevalent CV disease from the Women's Health initiative (WHI), we assessed key SDOH factors: geographic region, rurality, insurance status, and household income. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations between SDOH factors and a composite CV outcome, which included incident myocardial infarction, incident stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, or CV death.

Mediterranean Diet and Change in Physical Function Over Time In Older Women.

The Mediterranean diet has been linked to preserving physical function, but studies on its impact on physical function decline in older adults have shown mixed results. This longitudinal study used a large sample of community-dwelling older women from the Women's Health Initiative Long Life Study to examine this relationship. We assessed 4516 older women (mean age at baseline = 78.

Loneliness, social isolation, and cardiovascular disease among nonveteran and Veteran women.

We examined the prospective associations of social isolation and loneliness with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among aging nonveteran and veteran women, and effect modification by veteran status. Participants with no history of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), or coronary heart failure from the Women's Health Initiative Extension Study II self-reported social isolation, loneliness, health behaviors, health status, and veteran status. CVD and CVD subevents were physician adjudicated.

The Association of Total Knee Arthroplasty With Weight Loss in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Clinical Trial.

Background: Patients who have obesity seldom lose weight after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial randomized patients with type 2 diabetes who were overweight or had obesity to a 10-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) or diabetes support and education (DSE).

Methods: Of the total 5,145 participants enrolled who had a median 14-year follow-up, a subset of 4,624 met inclusion criteria.

Low Diastolic Blood Pressure and Mortality in Older Women. Results From the Women's Health Initiative Long Life Study.

Background: Recommended systolic blood pressure targets often do not consider the relationship of low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality risk, which is especially relevant for older people with concurrent comorbidities. We examined the relationship of DBP levels to CVD and all-cause mortality in older women in the Women's Health Initiative Long Life Study (WHI-LLS).

Methods: The study sample included 7,875 women (mean age: 79 years) who underwent a blood pressure measurement at an in-person home visit conducted in 2012-2013.

Physical activity and risk of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast, in the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: Recreational physical activity (PA) has been shown to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. However, the association of recreational PA with benign proliferative epithelial disorders (BPED) of the breast, conditions associated with increased risk of breast cancer, has not been adequately studied.

Methods: We used data from an ancillary study of benign breast disease conducted among the 68 132 postmenopausal women (aged 50-79 at recruitment) participating in the Women's Health Initiative randomized clinical trials.

Recreational Physical Activity, Sitting, and Androgen Metabolism among Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Background: Prolonged sitting and physical inactivity are associated with higher circulating levels of estrogens. It is unknown whether these risk factors are associated with circulating androgens/androgen metabolites, another set of hormones implicated in the etiology of cancers in postmenopausal women.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1,782 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Association of Objectively Measured Timing of Physical Activity Bouts With Cardiovascular Health in Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) improves cardiovascular health. Few studies have examined MVPA timing. We examined the associations of timing of bout-related MVPA with cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Association of the Intensive Lifestyle Intervention With Total Knee Replacement in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Clinical Trial.

Background: Evidence has established obesity as a risk factor for total knee replacement (TKR) due to osteoarthritis. Obesity is a risk factor for TKR. Randomized trials such as Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) have shown long-term successful weight loss with an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI).

Association Between Characteristics of Injurious Falls and Fall Preventive Interventions in Acute Medical and Surgical Units.

Background: Hospital falls remain common and approximately 30% of falls in hospital result in injury. The aims of the study were the following: (i) to identify the association between fall interventions present at the time of the injurious fall and injurious faller characteristics and (ii) to identify the association between fall preventive interventions present at the time of the injurious fall and the injurious fall circumstances.

Methods: Secondary data analysis of deidentified case series of injurious falls across 24 acute medical/surgical units in the United States.

Weight Loss Intervention Impact on the Physical Fitness Test Scores of Air Force Service Members.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are a major public health concern in the United States, including among active duty military personnel. Approximately 51% of active duty personnel are classified as overweight and 15% are classified as obese. This may impact military readiness.

Dissemination of the Look AHEAD Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in the United States Military: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The purpose of this study, "Fit Blue," was to compare a translation of the Look AHEAD (Action for Heath in Diabetes) intensive lifestyle intervention with a self-paced version of the same intervention among active duty military personnel.

Methods: Active duty military personnel (N = 248; 49% male, 34% racial minority) with overweight or obesity were randomized to 12-month distance-based (i.e.

In-Hospital Sequelae of Injurious Falls in 24 Medical/Surgical Units in Four Hospitals in the United States.

Background: Up to 50% of patient falls in the hospital result in injury. This study was conducted to determine whether injurious falls were associated with increased hospital length of stay (LOS), discharge to a place other than home, and in-hospital mortality.

Methods: A secondary data analysis from a prospective case-control study was conducted in 24 medical/surgical units in four hospitals in the United States.

Impact of the CMS No-Pay Policy on Hospital-Acquired Fall Prevention Related Practice Patterns.

Background And Objectives: In October 2008, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) stopped reimbursing hospitals for costs related to patient falls. This study aimed to examine whether the CMS no-pay policy influenced four fall prevention practices: bed alarms, sitters, room changes, and physical restraints.

Research Design And Methods: Using electronic medical record data collected from four hospitals between 2005 and 2010, this secondary observational analysis examined the associations between the CMS no-pay policy and nursing interventions and medical orders related to fall prevention.

Associations between hyponatraemia, volume depletion and the risk of falls in US hospitalised patients: a case-control study.

Objective: We aimed to determine if abnormal laboratory values which may indicate volume depletion are associated with increased odds of experiencing a hospital-acquired fall.

Design: Matched case-control study.

Setting: Four hospitals located in the Southeast USA.

Efficacy of a Tobacco Quitline in Active Duty Military and TRICARE Beneficiaries: A Randomized Trial.

A higher proportion of military personnel than civilians smoke cigarettes. Few randomized trials of tobacco use interventions have been conducted in the U.S.

Physical Activity and Change in Long Distance Corridor Walk Performance in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study.

Objectives: To examine the prospective relationship between self-reported physical activity and aerobic fitness in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (Health ABC) using the Long Distance Corridor Walk (LDCW).

Design: Cohort study with 7 years of follow-up.

Setting: Two U.

The Prevalence of E-cigarette Use in a Sample of U.S. Air Force Recruits.

Introduction: The prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing markedly in the general population. Yet, remarkably little research exists to examine these ongoing trends in at-risk populations, and nothing is known about the prevalence of e-cigarette use among military personnel. The purpose of the current study is to provide recent (2013-2014) data on the prevalence of regular e-cigarette use in a population of recruits prior to their entry into the U.

Prevalence and Correlates of Tobacco and Nicotine Containing Product Use in a Sample of United States Air Force Trainees.

Introduction: Although there is increasing attention to the prevalence of new and emerging tobacco products in the civilian population, remarkably little is known about the current prevalence of these products in a military population.

Methods: The current investigation was designed to determine the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine containing products (TNCP) and correlates of use across multiple cohorts of trainees undergoing Technical Training in the US Air Force between April 2013 and December 2014. Chi-square test, Cochran-Armitage test for linear trend, and logistic regression models were applied to test differences and linear trends across time for TNCP use as well as correlates of use in a cross-sectional sample of 13 685 Airmen (final analytic sample).

Dissemination of the Look AHEAD intensive lifestyle intervention in the United States Air Force: study rationale, design and methods.

Background: Despite an increase in overweight and obesity similar to the civilian population, there have been few randomized controlled trials examining behavioral weight management interventions in the military settings.

Purpose: This paper describes the design, intervention development and analysis plan of the Fit Blue study, a randomized controlled behavioral weight loss trial taking place in the United States Air Force.

Design: This study compares two adapted versions of the efficacious Look AHEAD Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI), a counselor-initiated condition and a self-paced condition.

Preventing smoking initiation or relapse following 8.5 weeks of involuntary smoking abstinence in basic military training: trial design, interventions, and baseline data.

Smoking cessation is a primary method of reducing excess mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, the vast majority of cessation attempts end in eventual relapse. Relapse-prevention interventions have shown some success at improving the long-term maintenance of tobacco abstinence among individuals motivated to abstain.

Efficacy of a smoking quit line in the military: baseline design and analysis.

Thirty percent of all military personnel smoke cigarettes. Because of the negative health consequences and their impact on physical fitness, overall health, and military readiness, the Department of Defense has identified the reduction of tobacco use as a priority of US military forces. This study aims to evaluate the one-year efficacy of a proactive versus reactive smoking quit line in the US military with adjunctive nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in both groups.

Methods and baseline characteristics of a randomized trial treating early childhood obesity: the Positive Lifestyles for Active Youngsters (Team PLAY) trial.

There are few effective obesity interventions directed towards younger children, particularly young minority children. This paper describes the design, intervention, recruitment methods, and baseline data of the ongoing Positive Lifestyles for Active Youngsters (Team PLAY) study. This randomized controlled trial is designed to test the efficacy of a 6-month, moderately intense, primary care feasible, family-based behavioral intervention, targeting both young children and their parent, in promoting healthy weight change.

Hearing results and quality of life after streptomycin/dexamethasone perfusion for Meniere's disease.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the hearing changes and quality-of-life outcomes of 393 cases of streptomycin/dexamethasone inner ear perfusion performed by the primary author on 312 ears of 299 patients with Meniere's disease between July 2002 and May 2010.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: Objective arm: A database was used to compile pretreatment and post-treatment audiograms as well as basic demographic information, dates of treatment, number of treatments, and which ear was treated.

Risk factors for poor attendance in a family-based pediatric obesity intervention program for young children.

Objective: This study examined the role of demographic characteristics, psychological factors, and family functioning on attendance in a randomized controlled trial of a family-based pediatric obesity program.

Method: Participants included 155 children between the ages of 4 and 7 years (M age = 5.77, 57.