Divergence of alpine plant populations of three Gentianaceae species in the Qinling sky Island.

Background: Known for their unique biodiversity, the Qinling Mountains are considered the only area in which alpine biomes occur in central China. Given that the alpine biomes are particularly sensitive to global warming, understanding how alpine plants respond to climatic fluctuations is essential for the evolution and conservation of biodiversity. To address this issue, three alpine species of the Gentianaceae (Gentiana crassuloides, G.

Rampant intraspecific variation of plastid genomes in section .

Exploring the level of intraspecific diversity in taxa experienced radiation is helpful to understanding speciation and biodiversity assembly. section sensu lato encompasses more than 180 species and occupies more a half of species in the genus. In this study, we collected samples across the range of three species (, and ) in section s.

Cryptic diversity and rampant hybridization in annual gentians on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau revealed by population genomic analysis.

Understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes involved in population differentiation and speciation provides critical insights into biodiversity formation. In this study, we employed 29,865 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and complete plastomes to examine genomic divergence and hybridization in , which is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) region. Genetic clustering revealed that is characterized by geographic genetic structures with five clusters (West, East, Central, South and North).

Hybridization and divergent climatic preferences drive divergence of two allopatric Gentiana species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Background And Aims: Exploring how species diverge is vital for understanding the drivers of speciation. Factors such as geographical separation and ecological selection, hybridization, polyploidization and shifts in mating system are all major mechanisms of plant speciation, but their contributions to divergence are rarely well understood. Here we test these mechanisms in two plant species, Gentiana lhassica and G.

Intravascular ultrasonography assisted carotid artery stenting for treatment of carotid stenosis: Two case reports.

Background: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the gold standard of cerebrovascular disease diagnosis, is limited in its diagnostic ability to evaluate arterial diameter. Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) has advantages in assessing stenosis and plaque nature and improves the evaluation and effectiveness of carotid artery stenting (CAS).

Case Summary: Case 1: A 65-year-old man presented with a five-year history of bilateral lower limb weakness due to stroke.

Strong plastid degradation is consistent within section , the most speciose lineage of .

Recovering phylogenetic relationships in lineages experiencing intense diversification has always been a persistent challenge in evolutionary studies, including in section sensu lato (s.l.).

Green synthesis and characterization of FeO nanoparticles using Chlorella-K01 extract for potential enhancement of plant growth stimulating and antifungal activity.

The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) using microalgal products as a plant growth stimulant and antifungal agent. The work was conducted with the phyco-synthesis and characterization of FeO-NPs using 0.1 M ferric/ferrous chloride solution (2:1 ratio; 65 °C) with aqueous extract of the green microalga Chlorella K01.

Lineage-specific plastid degradation in subtribe Gentianinae (Gentianaceae).

The structure and sequence of plastid genomes is highly conserved across most land plants, except for a minority of lineages that show gene loss and genome degradation. Understanding the early stages of plastome degradation may provide crucial insights into the repeatability and predictability of genomic evolutionary trends. We investigated these trends in subtribe Gentianinae of the Gentianaceae, which encompasses ca.

Recurrent hybridization underlies the evolution of novelty in (Gentianaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and adjacent areas are centres of diversity for several alpine groups. Although it is known that the QTP acted as a source area for diversification of the alpine genus , the evolutionary processes underlying diversity in this genus, especially the formation of narrow endemics, are still poorly understood. Hybridization has been proposed as a driver of plant endemism in the QTP but few cases have been documented with genetic data.

Intra-individual heteroplasmy in the plastid genome (Gentianaceae).

Chloroplasts are typically inherited from the female parent and are haploid in most angiosperms, but rare intra-individual heteroplasmy in plastid genomes has been reported in plants. Here, we report an example of plastome heteroplasmy and its characteristics in (Gentianaceae). The plastid genome of is 145,757 bp in size and is missing parts of gene when compared with other species.

Population Genetics of Calotropis gigantea, a Medicinal and Fiber Resource Plant, as Inferred from Microsatellite Marker Variation in two Native Countries.

Calotropis gigantea is well known for its aesthetic, medicinal, pharmacological, fodder, fuel, and fiber production potential. Unfortunately, this plant species is still undomesticated, and the genetic information available for crop improvement is limited. For this study, we sampled 21 natural populations of C.

Out of Refugia: Population Genetic Structure and Evolutionary History of the Alpine Medicinal Plant var. (Gentianaceae).

Understanding the genetic structure and evolutionary history of plants contributes to their conservation and utilization and helps to predict their response to environmental changes. The wildflower and traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicinal plant var. is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP).

The Complete Plastome Sequences of Seven Species in sect. (Gentianaceae): Insights Into Plastid Gene Loss and Molecular Evolution.

The chloroplast (cp) genome is useful in the study of phylogenomics, molecular dating, and molecular evolution. sect. is a predominantly alpine flowering plant that is valued for its contributions to medicine, ecology, and horticulture.

Characterization and transferability of microsatellites for var. (Gentianaceae).

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite markers were developed for a medicinal herb, var. (Gentianaceae), for the future assessment of population genetic structure and potential hybridization events with related taxa.

Methods And Results: Using the 454 FLX+ sequencing platform, we obtained 81,717 clean reads with an average length of 291 bp.

Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of the ectomycorrhizal Floccularia luteovirens on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Floccularia luteovirens, as an ectomycorrhizal fungus, is widely distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As an edible fungus, it is famous for its unique flavor. Former studies mainly focus on the chemical composition and genetic structure of this species.

Gene Flow Results in High Genetic Similarity between (Rosaceae) Species in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Studying closely related species and divergent populations provides insight into the process of speciation. Previous studies showed that the complex's evolutionary history on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) was confusing and could not be distinguishable on the molecular level. In this study, the genetic structure and gene flow of and on the QTP was examined across 45 populations using 8 microsatellite loci.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of var (Gentianaceae) and comparative analysis with its congeneric species.

Background: The chloroplast (cp) genome is useful in plant systematics, genetic diversity analysis, molecular identification and divergence dating. The genus contains 362 species, but there are only two valuable complete cp genomes. The purpose of this study is to report the characterization of complete cp genome of var.

Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 December 2012-31 January 2013.

This article documents the addition of 268 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alburnoides bipunctatus, Chamaerops humilis, Chlidonias hybrida, Cyperus papyrus, Fusarium graminearum, Loxigilla barbadensis, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Odontesthes bonariensis, Pelteobagrus vachelli, Posidonia oceanica, Potamotrygon motoro, Rhamdia quelen, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, Sibiraea angustata, Takifugu rubripes, Tarentola mauritanica, Trimmatostroma sp. and Wallago attu.

Analysis of cellular metabolism of hybridoma cells at distinct physiological states.

Hybridoma cells were cultivated in a chemically defined medium in continuous cultures. These cultures reached different steady states marked by distinctive cell metabolism depending on the culture conditions leading to the steady state. Those steady states with different metabolism are characterized by different stoichiometric ratios of lactate production to glucose consumption (deltaL/deltaG).