Membrane vesicles from selected Clostridioides difficile strains induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colonic epithelial cells: insights from in vitro and in vivo studies.

Clostridioides difficile, as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, contributes to nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Chronic inflammation is a well-known stimulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, which can subsequently induce carcinogenesis in host tissues. Here, we examined the ability of membrane vesicles (MVs) derived from two clinical C.

Evaluation of effects of vancomycin/polycaprolactone nanocomposite in comparison with curcumin/polycaprolactone on the healing of experimental osteomyelitis in rabbit tibia.

Osteomyelitis is caused by the local spread of an infected source adjacent to the infection following trauma, bone surgery or joint replacement. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of vancomycin (Van)/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocomposite in comparison with curcumin (Cur)/PCL on the healing of experimental osteomyelitis in tibia in rabbits. After induction of osteomyelitis forty adult male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups.

Morphological characteristics, mitochondrial oxidoreductase activity, and vascularization of human adipose tissues pre-and post-xenotransplantation into BALB/c female nude mice.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different cryoprotectants on the histomorphological characteristics, oil ratio (OR) indices, mitochondrial oxidoreductase activities, and vascularization of human adipose tissues after thawing (pre-xenotransplantation), one month and three months post-xenotransplantation. For this purpose, we froze human adipose tissues in five experimental groups, including NCG (PBS without any cryoprotectants), FG1 (4 % DMSO+6 % Trehalose), FG2 (6 % Trehalose+2 % DMSO+9 % FBS), FG3 (2 % DMSO+4 % Trehalose+3 % Sucrose+9 % FBS), and FG4 (4 % DMSO+3 % Trehalose+3 % Sucrose) and compared them with the positive control group (PCG or fresh adipose tissue). Adipose tissues were frozen with a cooling rate of -1 °C/min and stored in a freezer at -20 °C until use.

Effect of lupeol on testicular lesions induced by cadmium chloride in rats.

Objective: Heavy metals and environmental pollutants, such as cadmium chloride, congenital disorders, and certain diseases, can lead to infertility in men. In this study, the effects of lupeol (an active pentacyclic triterpenoid with antioxidant properties) on testicular injuries induced by cadmium chloride were investigated in male rats.

Materials And Methods: Lupeol was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, and the experiment included 40 male Wistar rats divided into 8 groups (healthy control, healthy rats treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of lupeol, cadmium chloride, and three groups that received cadmium chloride and were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of lupeol).

Protective effect of nano magnesium oxide on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in male Wistar rats.

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a main issue in renal transplantation, and antioxidants attenuate I/R injury in different tissues. We investigated the protective effects of nano magnesium oxide (nano-MgO) on renal I/R injury in rats. Induction of I/R injury was performed through clamping the left renal pedicle for 20 minutes.

Effect of Nano Selenium on Cadmium Chloride-Induced Infertility in Male Wistar Rats.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with well-documented health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and anticarcinogenic properties. Selenium nanoparticles (nano-Se) represent an advanced Se delivery system characterized by superior bioavailability and a reduced risk of Se-related toxicity. This study investigates the protective efficacy of nano-Se against cadmium chloride (CdCl)-induced infertility in adult male Wistar rats.

Carvacrol attenuates varicocele-induced infertility in rats.

Carvacrol is a common ingredient in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and perfume industries. It possesses various pharmaceutical properties including pain relief, anti-cell death, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the protective impact of carvacrol on infertility caused by varicocele in rats.

Therapeutic effects of erythropoietin-alginate/chitosan hydrogel on impaired male rat fertility after spinal cord injury.

Background: Infertility is a significant issue in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Men with SCI often experience erectile and ejaculatory dysfunctions, and low sperm quality leading to impaired fertility. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of Erythropoietin (EPO)alginate/chitosan (CH-AL) hydrogel on SCI-induced male rat infertility.

Prevalence and diversity of enteric spp. in healthy and diarrheic cats.

Background And Objectives: Helicobacters are gastric and enterohepatic and live in the gut. The role of enterohepatic Helicobacters as intestinal pathogens is uncertain, while stomach Helicobacters are well-known. The prevalence of species in cat feces helps us understand their impact on cat health and human disease transmission.

Hepatoprotective effect of astaxanthin against cholestasis liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in adult Wistar rats.

In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of astaxanthin, a natural carotenoid, against the cholestatic liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Toward this end, male rats were subjected to BDL and treated with astaxanthin for 35 days. Afterwards, their serum and liver biochemical factors were assessed.

Canine Mammary Tumors as a Potential Model for Human Breast Cancer in Comparative Oncology.

Clinical and molecular similarities between canine mammary tumors (CMTs) and human breast cancer (HBC) propel scientists to further study their application in comparative oncology as a model for human breast cancer. In total, 64 canine mammary tumors were selected to study the most common markers, which are applicable for human breast cancer treatment, including estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR), human epidermal growth factor (HER2/neu), Ki67, and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess the protein expression.

The Pathological and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Chemical Castration in Dogs using Calcium Chloride Injection.

Many researchers have been curious about the chemical sterilization method, which may be a choice of castration. The 20% calcium chloride ethanolic solution can prevent animals from some tumors and control the side effects of surgical castration. This experiment divided 12 male mixed-breed dogs into sham and chemical groups (n=6).

Niosomal hesperidin attenuates the M1/M2-macrophage polarization-based hepatotoxicity followed chlorpyrifos -induced toxicities in mice.

Chlorpyrifos(CPF) is a well-known hepatotoxic agent that has side effects on several organs. On the contrary, hepatic macrophages are crucial in maintaining liver tissue integrity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and possible mechanisms of niosomal hesperidin (Nio + Hesp), a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits, on M1-M2 liver macrophage polarization and inflammatory cells in the brain, liver, and ovarian tissues.

Nanoselenium attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Using selenium (Se) nanoparticles has received attention in recent years because of their therapeutic benefits due to their anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. This research was conducted to evaluate the possible protective impact of nano-Se on renal unilateral ischemia/reperfusion injury (uIRI) in adult male Wistar rats. Using clamping of the left renal pedicle within 45 min uIRI was induced.

Hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of -chalcone against bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in rats.

Objectives: Several lines of research have shown that hepatic fibrosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. -chalcone is a flavonoid precursor with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study was conducted to examine the antifibrotic properties of -chalcone on bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver cholestasis in rats.

miR-34a/SIRT1/HIF-1α axis is involved in cardiac angiogenesis of type 2 diabetic rats: The protective effect of sodium butyrate combined with treadmill exercise.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide. Recent research has indicated that sodium butyrate (NaB) affects glucose metabolism and exercise has an anti-hyperglycemic effect in diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NaB and treadmill exercise on heart angiogenesis through the miR-34a/SIRT1/FOXO1-HIF-1α pathway.

Effect of new methionine-based ionic liquid on the and gene expression on sensitive and resistant strains of .

Background And Objectives: Previous researchers showed the antimicrobial ability of ionic liquids (ILs) on different infective agents. ILs can dissolve organic components, especially DNA molecules. Among synthesized eight binary ILs mixtures, we have chosen ([Met-HCl] [PyS]) IL for determining the antifungal ability of IL against cells.

Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo effect of liposomal doxorubicin along with oncolytic Newcastle disease virus on 4T1 cell line: Animal preclinical research.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, with one in 20 globally. Oncolytic viruses have recently been the first step in the biological treatment of cancer, either genetically engineered or naturally occurring. They increase specifically inside cancer cells and destroy them without damaging normal tissues or producing a host immune response against tumour cells or expressing transgenes.

The comparative effects of estrogen and tacrolimus on crushed sciatic nerve regeneration in male mice: functional and histopathological evaluation.

Some pharmacological agents can be effective for peripheral nerve injuries treatments. Present study was aimed to apply different agents and to compare the nerve regenerative effects following crushed sciatic nerve injuries. Twenty-four adult male mice were conducted in this study.

Efficacy of hyaluronic acid, absorbable collagen sponge, and their combination in minimizing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) after dental extraction: a preliminary animal histomorphometric study.

Introduction: There is no study on the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA) placement either with or without absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in reducing or preventing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). This preliminary animal study examined the efficacy of this clinically important treatment.

Methods: For simulating BRONJ, zoledronic acid was administered to 40 rats for 5 weeks.

Atheroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of trans-chalcone through modification of eNOS/AMPK/KLF-2 pathway and regulation of COX-2, Ang-II, and PDGF mRNA expression in NMRI mice fed HCD.

Background: The effects of trans-chalcone on atherosclerosis and NAFLD have been investigated. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects are not completely understood. This study aimed to deduce the impacts of trans-chalcone on the eNOS/AMPK/KLF-2 pathway in the heart tissues and the expression of Ang-II, PDFG, and COX-2 genes in liver sections of NMRI mice fed HCD.

The Effect of Broccoli Extract in Arsenic-Induced Experimental Poisoning on the Hematological, Biochemical, and Electrophoretic Parameters of the Liver and Kidney of Rats.

Heavy metals such as arsenic contribute to environmental pollution that can lead to systemic effects in various body organs. Some medicinal plants such as broccoli have been shown to reduce the harmful effects of these heavy metals. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of broccoli extract on liver and kidney toxicity, considering hematological and biochemical changes.

Anticonvulsive evaluation and histopathological survey of thalidomide synthetic analogs on lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats.

Background And Purpose: Status epilepticus is a severe neurological disorder that can be life-threatening. Thalidomide and its analogs have shown promising results to confront pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of three synthesized thalidomide derivatives on lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus.

Comparative Experimental Study of Dermal Stability: Acellular Dermal Matrix versus Crayopreserved Dermis.

Background: Given the potential usefulness of Acellular Dermal Matrices (ADM) for wound healing, we aimed to evaluate the stability, histological characteristics, and effectiveness of ADM compared with cryopreserved dermis (CPD) in rat models.

Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, from January to March 2015. The prepared ADM and CPD were transplanted to the full-thickness skin defects on the back of Sprague-Dawley rats.