Self-healing hydrogels from hyaluronic acid and dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose for accelerated wound healing.

This study aimed to introduce a bioresponsive and green hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) with remarkable potential for accelerating the wound healing process. Hydrogels made of freeze-thaw gelation were synthesized to entrap and deliver gallic acid (GA). The hydrogels were effortlessly engineered using hemiacetal interactions between HA and DCMC at proper pH and freeze-thaw cycle.

Curcumin delivery via dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose/CaCO/GDL cross-linked alginate hydrogels for wound healing.

The development of advanced wound dressings is crucial for enhancing wound healing. This study introduces a novel sodium alginate (SA) emulsion gel cross-linked through both hemiacetal and ionic interactions using dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) and CaCO. The emulsion gel encapsulates curcumin (CU) in a tunable, interconnected porous network controlled by DCMC concentration.

Thyme honey reduced hyperglycemia in male rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress: Possible involvement of GLUT4 protein and circulating irisin.

Objective: Chronic stress is a common and fundamental problem in human life all over the world which threatens the health. Stress-induced metabolic disorders are attenuated by natural honey feeding. So, we examined protective impact of thyme honey in the regulation of blood glucose via measuring the expression level of muscle GLUT4 protein in chronic unpredictable mild stressed (CUMS) male rats.

Disrupted circadian rhythms and opioid-mediated adverse effects: Bidirectional relationship and putative mechanisms.

Recent studies have shown a link between disrupted circadian rhythms and the development of chronic opioid-induced negative effects. Both animal and human studies show a significant bidirectional relationship between the circadian system and opioid effects. Opioids can perturb circadian rhythms, and perturbation of the circadian rhythms can aggravate opioid-mediated adverse effects.

The Effects of Co-administration of Lithium and Vitamin E on Hepatic Oxidative Status in Aged Male and Female Rats: Biochemical and Histomorphological Evaluations.

Lithium serves as an effective mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, especially in older adults, but high doses or prolonged use may lead to toxicity. Here, we assessed the hepatic toxicity of lithium chloride (LiCl) in aged male and female rats and examined whether vitamin E as an antioxidant can mitigate lithium's toxic effects. Forty-eight Wistar rats aged 16-18 months were divided into four equal groups for each sex (n = 6 each): a placebo group receiving vehicle (almond oil), a vitamin E group receiving 100 mg/kg of vitamin E every other day, a lithium chloride (LiCl) group receiving 50 mg/kg/day of LiCl, and a combined LiCl + vitamin E group (LiCl + Vit E) receiving both treatments for four weeks.

Gastroprotective and Antioxidant Properties of Linalyl Acetate in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats.

Background: Gastric ulcer is a major public health problem with a high morbidity of approximately 5-10%. Natural compounds with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities may offer good gastrointestinal protection. Linalyl acetate (Lin) traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases for decades.

Long-term GABA Supplementation Regulates Diabetic Gastroenteropathy through GABA Receptor/trypsin-1/PARs/Akt/COX-2 Axis.

Aim: Molecular alterations of diabetic gastroenteropathy are poorly identified. This study investigates the effects of prolonged GABA supplementation on key protein expression levels of trypsin-1, PAR-1, PAR-2, PAR-3, PI3K, Akt, COX-2, GABAA, and GABAB receptors in the gastric tissue of type 2 diabetic rats (T2DM).

Method: To induce T2DM, a 3-month high-fat diet and 35 mg/kg of streptozotocin was used.

Exercise-activated hepatic autophagy combined with silymarin is associated with suppression of apoptosis in rats subjected to dexamethasone induced- fatty liver damage.

Aim: There is a need for effective treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that are economically inexpensive, and have few side effects. The present study aimed to investigate exercise training and silymarin on hepatocyte death factors in rats with liver damage.

Methods: Forty-nine male Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups: sedentary control, fatty liver control (DEX), fatty liver + high-intensity interval training (HIIT), fatty liver + HIIT + silymarin (HIIT + SILY), fatty liver + continuous training (CT), fatty liver + CT + silymarin (CT + SILY), and fatty liver + silymarin (SILY).

Hepatoprotective effect of astaxanthin against cholestasis liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in adult Wistar rats.

In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of astaxanthin, a natural carotenoid, against the cholestatic liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Toward this end, male rats were subjected to BDL and treated with astaxanthin for 35 days. Afterwards, their serum and liver biochemical factors were assessed.

Effects of sub-chronic CRH administration into the hypothalamic paraventricular and central amygdala nuclei in male rats with a focus on food intake biomarkers.

CRH neurons are found in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and central amygdala(CeA) nuclei. This study investigated the effects of sub-chronic CRH administration into the PVN and CeA nuclei on food intake biomarkers in rats divided into five groups: control, two shams, and two CRH-PVN and CRH-CeA groups(receiving CRH in nuclei for seven days). The CRH-PVN group had significantly higher cumulative food intake and food intake trends than the CRH-CeA group.

Protective potential of naringenin and its nanoformulations in redox mechanisms of injury and disease.

Increasing evidence suggests that elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Increased intracellular levels of ROS can lead to the oxidation of lipids, DNA, and proteins, contributing to cellular damage. Hence, the maintenance of redox hemostasis is essential.

Motor Dysfunction of Gastric Antral Smooth Muscle in Diabetic Rats: Contribution of ATP-Dependent Potassium Channels.

Background: The goal of the current research was to further elucidate the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K) channels in the motility and contractility force of gastric smooth muscle of diabetic rats.

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar rats (190-230 g) were grouped into control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (55 mg/kg) rats. Thirty days later, gastric muscle contractility was measured using a myograph and a force transducer of antral segments immersed in a tissue bath.

Alterations in expression of α1-adrenergic receptors possibly are involved in prevention of age-associated apoptosis in rat hippocampus by treadmill exercise.

Objectives: Exercise is assumed to attenuate age-related neuronal apoptosis, but the detailed mechanism(s) is not fully understood. α1-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) can either trigger or suppress apoptosis, therefore, here we determined the impact of treadmill exercise on the expression of the apoptosis regulatory proteins as well as α1-AR subtypes α1A- and α1B-ARs, in order to elucidate a possible association between apoptosis and the hippocampal expression of α1-ARs in aged male rats.

Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=7): young control, aged sedentary, and aged + exercise.

Changes in Protease-Activated Receptor and Trypsin-1 Expression Are Involved in the Therapeutic Effect of Mg Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Gastric Injury in Male Adult Rats.

Purpose: Gastric inflammation is common and usually severe in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence suggests protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a link between inflammation and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Given that magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a highly prevalent condition in T2DM patients, we assessed the therapeutic role of Mg on the factors involved in gastric inflammation in T2DM.

Alleviation of cholestatic liver injury and intestinal permeability by lubiprostone treatment in bile duct ligated rats: role of intestinal FXR and tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-2, and occludin.

Gut barrier disintegrity and endotoxin translocation to the liver and systemic circulation are serious clinical complications associated with the stoppage of intestinal bile flow. There is no precise pharmacological option to prevent increased intestinal permeability after bile duct ligation (BDL). Lubiprostone, a chloride channel-2 agonist, has been shown to accelerate restoration of epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by injury, but the exact mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of lubiprostone on intestine barrier integrity remain unknown.

Exercise may alleviate age-related spatial memory impairment by rescuing β-adrenergic receptor dysregulation via both G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent mechanisms in rat hippocampus.

Hippocampal-dependent memory abilities including spatial memory decline with age. Exercise improves memory decline in aging brain, but, the precise mechanisms are still unknown. Learning and memory are recently hypothesized to be mediated by a β-arrestin (βArr)-dependent β-adrenergic pathway.

Anesthesia and analgesia for common research models of adult mice.

Anesthesia and analgesia are major components of many interventional studies on laboratory animals. However, various studies have shown improper reporting or use of anesthetics/analgesics in research proposals and published articles. In many cases, it seems "anesthesia" and "analgesia" are used interchangeably, while they are referring to two different concepts.

Long-term GABA administration improves FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions in the skeletal muscle and serum irisin levels in chronic type 2 diabetic rats.

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the anti-diabetic effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and insulin can be mediated through the regulation of gene expression related to irisin production and mitochondrial biogenesis in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats. Four groups (n = 6) were used in this study: control, T2DM, T2DM + insulin, and T2DM + GABA groups. After T2DM induction for 3 months (high-fat diet + 35 mg/kg streptozotocin) and treatment with GABA or insulin for 3 months, circulating levels of FBG, triglyceride, LDL, Ox-LDL, and insulin as well as hepatic and serum irisin levels were measured.

Beneficial effects of MgSO on TFAM, UPC3 and FNDC5 mRNA expressions in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats: a possible mechanism to improve insulin resistance.

Background: Hypomagnesemia has been associated with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Irisin has beneficial effects on glucose uptake and improves hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment of MgSO and insulin on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, serum and hepatic irisin levels, skeletal muscle gene expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in T2DM rats.

Anxiety and hippocampal neuronal activity: Relationship and potential mechanisms.

The hippocampus has been implicated in modulating anxiety. It interacts with a variety of brain regions, both cortical and subcortical areas regulating emotion and stress responses, including prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, and the nucleus accumbens, to adjust anxiety levels in response to a variety of stressful conditions. Growing evidence indicates that anxiety is associated with increased neuronal excitability in the hippocampus, and alterations in local regulation of hippocampal excitability have been suggested to underlie behavioral disruptions characteristic of certain anxiety disorders.

ComparativeStudyofCRHMicroinjections Into PVN and CeA Nuclei on Food Intake, Ghrelin, Leptin, and Glucose Levels in Acute Stressed Rats.

Introduction: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) is involved in stress and energy homeostasis. On the other hand, CRH receptors also exist within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and Central Amygdala (CeA) nuclei. The present study compared the effect of CRH microinjections into PVN and CeA on three consecutive hours and cumulative food intake, internal regulatory factors of food intake, such as serum leptin and ghrelin, as well as blood glucose levels in rats under different acute psychological (Social Stress [SS] and Isolation Stress [IS] group) stresses.

Possible involvement of the dopamine D2 receptors of ventromedial hypothalamus in the control of free- and scheduled-feeding and plasma ghrelin level in rat.

Objectives: We investigated effect of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) dopamine D2 receptor inhibition on food intake and plasma ghrelin following chronic free or scheduled meal with different caloric intakes.

Methods: Male Wistar rats (220-250 g) were fed diets containing free (control) or three scheduled diets of standard, restricted and high-fat for 1 month. The animals stereotaxically received an intra VMH single dose of sulpiride (0.

Intracerebroventricular injection of propranolol blocked analgesic and neuroprotective effects of resveratrol following L spinal nerve ligation in rat.

Objectives: Resveratrol as a natural polyphenolic agent can alleviate neuropathic pain symptoms. The mechanism of analgesic activity of resveratrol is far from clear. The current study examine whether analgesic activity of resveratrol is mediated by its neuroprotective and anti-oxidant activity in the neuropathic pain.

Developmental effects of early-life stress on dopamine D2 receptor and proteins involved in noncanonical D2 dopamine receptor signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex of male rats.

Objectives: Dopamine neurotransmission is implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, most strikingly in Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia. In addition to canonical pathway, D2-receptor (D2R) exerts some of its biological actions through regulating the activity of Akt and GSK3, which in turn were found to be altered in several psychiatric illnesses. The present study examined the impacts of maternal separation, an early-life stress model which has been associated with disturbed neurodevelopment and appearance of many psychiatric disorders, on developmental changes in dopamine concentration and the expression of D2Rs, Akt and GSK-3β in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC; a key target of stress) in adolescent and young adult male rats.