Shaping the Silhouette: A Comprehensive Review of Surgical Body Contouring Techniques for the Torso and Limbs.

This narrative review examines contemporary surgical body contouring techniques, including abdominoplasty, brachioplasty, liposuction, and fat grafting, as well as breast and gluteal augmentation, thighplasty, calf augmentation, and genital contouring, with a focus on clinical applications, technological advancements, complication profiles, and patient-centered outcomes. Abdominoplasty, including mini, lipoabdominoplasty, and fleur-de-lis variants, consistently restores the abdominal contour and can alleviate functional sequelae, with complication rates lowered by the use of progressive tension sutures and preservation of Scarpa fascia. Brachioplasty and thighplasty in post-bariatric patients improve limb contour and mobility; liposuction-assisted approaches reduce tissue trauma.

Maximizing the Longevity and Volume Retention of Fat Grafts: Advances in Clinical Practice.

Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is increasingly utilized in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery owing to its biocompatibility, regenerative properties, and ease of harvest. However, inconsistent graft retention rates pose a persistent clinical challenge. This review explores contemporary advancements aimed at improving fat graft survival and volume retention.

Drivers and patterns of antibiotic use in small to medium-sized chicken farms in selected districts of Nepal.

The rise in commercial poultry production in Nepal has led to inappropriate and haphazard use of antibiotics, contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to identify the drivers influencing antibiotic use among small to medium-scale layer chicken farms in selected districts. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 180-layer poultry farmers in Makawanpur ( = 45), Chitwan ( = 30), Dang ( = 46), and Pokhara ( = 59).

Nationwide trends in prehospital blood product use after injury 2020-2023.

Introduction: Prehospital blood transfusion improves survival after injury. Understanding potential demand for and usage of prehospital blood transfusion is important to help improve supply and utilization of this prehospital intervention. The primary objective of this study is to describe potential current demand for prehospital blood product in adults after blunt and penetrating injury from 2020 to 2023.

Enhancing geriatric trauma mortality prediction: Modifying and assessing the Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score with net benefit and decision curve analysis.

Objective: Calibration and discrimination indicators alone are insufficient for evaluating the clinical usefulness of prediction models, as they do not account for the cost of misclassification errors. This study aimed to modify the Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS) and assess the clinical utility of the modified model using net benefit (NB) and decision curve analysis (DCA) for predicting in-hospital mortality.

Methods: The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) 2017 was used to identify geriatric trauma patients (≥ 65 years) treated at Level I trauma centers.

Application of a Validated Assessment Tool to Compare Autonomy and Operative Performance Between Surgical Residency Programs.

Purpose: Every residency has the responsibility to determine the competency of its residents and their readiness to practice after graduation, but few objective tools exist to assess residents. The Zwisch grading scale is a validated assessment tool for operative performance which has been incorporated into a smartphone application, called System for Improving and Measuring Procedural Learning (SIMPL). This application allows residents and attendings to evaluate a resident's performance in real time.

Impact of Anti-Fatigue Floor Mat on Surgical Staff Comfort Levels in Head and Neck Surgery Cases.

Objective: Musculoskeletal symptoms are common among surgical staff and can have long-term implications on health and wellbeing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of anti-fatigue floor mat on the comfort level of surgical teams during head and neck surgeries lasting ≥ 3 h.

Methods: Over 4 months, we prospectively randomized 34 major (≥ 3 h) head and neck procedures to the use or not of an anti-fatigue floor mat.

The effect of whole blood resuscitation on in-hospital mortality: A propensity score weighted analysis of patients treated at a Level I trauma center.

Background: Whole blood (WB) transfusion, compared with blood component therapy (CT), has been shown to have superior outcomes in the military population. However, whether this translates to the civilian population remains understudied. This study sought to determine the effect of WB on short-term in-hospital outcomes.

Minimally invasive vs. conventional mitral valve surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: The evidence underlying the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) is inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate whether MIMVS improves clinical outcomes compared with conventional sternotomy.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Extract Increases Cisplatin Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer Cells.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance are major obstacles in the long-term efficacy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is common and has been proposed as an independent predictor of HNSCC recurrence and disease-free survival. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these negative patient outcomes are unknown.

Prehospital tranexamic acid in trauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Prehospital tranexamic acid (TXA) may hold substantial benefits for trauma patients; however, the data underlying its efficacy and safety is scarce.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to July 2023 for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating prehospital TXA in trauma patients as compared to placebo or standard care without TXA.

Tobacco Cessation Following Laryngeal Cancer Diagnosis Predicts Response to Treatment and Laryngectomy-Free Survival.

Objective: To determine the effect of tobacco cessation following laryngeal cancer diagnosis on response to first-line therapy, laryngectomy-free survival, and overall survival in patients who were current smokers at the time of diagnosis.

Study Design: Retrospective, case-control study.

Setting: OU Stephenson Cancer Center, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center.

Pathologic Nodal Staging Before SBRT for Early-stage NSCLC Does Not Impact Overall Survival: A Propensity Score-matched NCDB Analysis.

Objective: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for early-stage non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (NSCLC) is increasingly utilized. We sought to assess overall survival (OS) for early-stage NSCLC patients receiving SBRT depending on staging method.

Methods: Early-stage NSCLC patients treated with definitive SBRT were identified in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), and OS was determined based on method of staging.

Pressure sore at an unusual site: the bilateral knee - a case report.

Unlabelled: A pressure ulcer is a skin and soft tissue injury that commonly occur on bony prominences like the ischium, sacrum, heel, malleolus, and occiput but the knee is not the usual site for pressure ulcers. Here, the authors present a case of a pressure ulcer over an unusual site, the knee.

Case Presentation: The authors reported a case of a 66-year-old male, last seen 5 days ago by his son, who was found on the floor (with the knee on the ground) and was brought to the hospital.

Mother's perception of size at birth is a weak predictor of low birth weight: Evidence from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey.

Birth weight is a consistent predictor of morbidity and survivability in infancy and later life. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the mother's perception of size at birth to predict low birth weight(LBW). This study used data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS 2016).

Enhancing utility of interfacility triage guidelines using machine learning: Development of the Geriatric Interfacility Trauma Triage score.

Background: Undertriage of injured older adults to tertiary trauma centers (TTCs) has been demonstrated by many studies. In predominantly rural regions, a majority of trauma patients are initially transported to nontertiary trauma centers (NTCs). Current interfacility triage guidelines do not highlight the hierarchical importance of risk factors nor do they allow for individual risk prediction.

Tobacco cessation after head and neck cancer diagnosis is an independent predictor of treatment response and long-term survival.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients who are current smokers when diagnosed have inferior clinical outcomes compared to never-smokers or previous smokers. However, the impact of quitting after HNSCC diagnosis has not been quantified. In this retrospective, case-control study (n = 134), the odds of complete response to first-line therapy were 3.

Behavior Study of Commercial Polyurea under Monotonic, Rate Dependent, Cyclic, and Fatigue Tensile Loading for Potential Structural Applications.

Understanding material behavior is key to discovering innovative applications in any field. Regardless of the exciting mechanical properties of polyurea, there has been a limited effort in studying the use of polyurea for structural retrofit and strengthening applications. This study aims to understand the behavior of polyurea under different tensile loading conditions to provide critical information towards enabling the future use of polyurea in structural applications.

Health facility readiness to provide integrated Family Planning, Maternal and Child Health (FPMCH) services in Nepal: Evidence from the comprehensive health facility survey.

Introduction: This study aimed to build the emergent body of evidence of family planning and maternal and child health (FPMCH) service integration benefits that can be useful in reaching the target of sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Methods: We utilized data from the 2015 Nepal Health Facility Survey and used the World Health Organization service readiness manual for defining the service readiness indicator score of all services related to FPMCH integration. Composite readiness index for all services including family planning, antenatal care service, delivery and newborn service readiness index, and curative child care service readiness index was considered for the integration of all services (i.

Health-Related Quality of Life of People Living with COPD in a Semiurban Area of Western Nepal: A Community-Based Study.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Nepal. It is a progressive lung disease and has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) reflects the health- and disease-related facets of quality of life.

Electronic cigarette aerosols alter the expression of cisplatin transporters and increase drug resistance in oral cancer cells.

Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of cancer. Moreover, continued smoking during cancer therapy reduces overall survival. Aware of the negative consequences of tobacco smoking and the challenges of smoking cessation, cancer patients are inquiring whether they should switch to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes).

Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its Associated Factors in Nepal: Findings from a Community-based Household Survey.

Background: Despite chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being the commonest non-communicable disease in Nepal, there is limited research evidence estimating the spirometry-based burden of COPD. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of COPD and its correlates through a community-based survey in Pokhara Metropolitan City, a semi-urban area of Western Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted among 1459 adults ≥40 years.