The diverse effects of pathogenic point mutations on ion channel activity of a gain-of-function polycystin-2.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 genes. The latter encodes polycystin-2 (PC2, also known as TRPP2), a member of the transient receptor potential ion channel family. Despite most pathogenic mutations in PKD2 being truncation variants, there are also many point mutations, which cause small changes in protein sequences but dramatic changes in the in vivo function of PC2.

Knowledge and Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine for COVID-19 Disease Prevention among the Indian Population: A Mixed-Method Study.

Aim: To assess the Knowledge and Acceptance of the COVID vaccine among the Indian population. Materials and methods: The present mixed-method study was conducted in two phases. The first phase: quantitative assessment of knowledge and acceptance for the COVID-19 vaccine using an E survey (N = 606).

Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Preparedness of Dental Professionals in Prescribing Nicotine Replacement Therapy.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, practice, attitude, and preparedness of dental professionals in prescribing nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). . A prevalidated voluntary web-based questionnaire was generated as a link through Google Drive and was sent to 117 dental professionals in North India using Whatsapp, Messenger, and Instagram social media platforms.

The ion channel function of polycystin-1 in the polycystin-1/polycystin-2 complex.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 gene, encoding the polycystic kidney disease protein polycystin-1 and the transient receptor potential channel polycystin-2 (also known as TRPP2), respectively. Polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 form a receptor-ion channel complex located in primary cilia. The function of this complex, especially the role of polycystin-1, is largely unknown due to the lack of a reliable functional assay.

A PKD1L3 splice variant in taste buds is not cleaved at the G protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site.

Mutations in polycystin proteins PKD1 and TRPP2 lead to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. These two proteins form a receptor-ion channel complex on primary cilia. PKD1 undergoes an autoproteolysis at the N terminal G-protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site (GPS), which is essential for the function of PKD1.

Extracellular Loops Are Essential for the Assembly and Function of Polycystin Receptor-Ion Channel Complexes.

Polycystin complexes, or TRPP-PKD complexes, made of transient receptor potential channel polycystin (TRPP) and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) proteins, play key roles in coupling extracellular stimuli with intracellular Ca signals. For example, the TRPP2-PKD1 complex has a crucial function in renal physiology, with mutations in either protein causing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. In contrast, the TRPP3-PKD1L3 complex responds to low pH and was proposed to be a sour taste receptor candidate.

Function and regulation of TRPP2 ion channel revealed by a gain-of-function mutant.

Mutations in polycystin-1 and transient receptor potential polycystin 2 (TRPP2) account for almost all clinically identified cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the most common human genetic diseases. TRPP2 functions as a cation channel in its homomeric complex and in the TRPP2/polycystin-1 receptor/ion channel complex. The activation mechanism of TRPP2 is unknown, which significantly limits the study of its function and regulation.

Detection of CXCR2 cytokine receptor surface expression using immunofluorescence.

The interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8) chemokine, also known as the neutrophil chemotactic factor, is a cytokine that plays a key role in inflammatory response, cell proliferation, migration, and survival. IL-8 expression is increased not only in inflammatory disorders, but also in many types of cancer, including prostate cancer. IL-8 acts as a ligand for the C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) protein present on the cell plasma membrane.

Analysis of the cell surface expression of cytokine receptors using the surface protein biotinylation method.

Cytokines are pleiotropic, low-molecular-weight proteins that regulate the immune responses to infection and inflammation. They stimulate the immune responses by binding to cytokine receptors on the cell plasma membrane. Thus, knowledge of the expression level of particular cytokine receptors on cell surface is crucial for understanding the cytokine function and regulation.