Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Importance: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure.

Objective: To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH.

Computing lifetime incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma and age-specific prevalence of Barrett's esophagus.

Barrett's esophagus is the precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Esophageal adenocarcinoma detected from endoscopic surveillance programs accounts for <10% of all cases, suggesting majority of patients with Barrett's esophagus are likely unaccounted for. Previous observational studies have estimated the observed prevalence of Barrett's esophagus to be approximately 1%, but others suggest may be an underestimate.

Effectiveness of alternative exercises in cardiac rehabilitation for program completion and outcomes in women with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative exercises within a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program compared to traditional gym-based exercises or usual care. The focus was on CR completion and outcomes in women.

Introduction: CR programs generally offer traditional gym-based exercises, including treadmill exercises, cycling on ergometers, and conventional resistance training.

Optimal Hospital Volume to Minimize Postoperative Mortality After Esophagectomy for Cancer in Low Population Density Countries: A Binational Study of Australia and New Zealand.

Background: A relationship between hospital volume and postoperative mortality following esophagectomy for cancer has been reported in Europe and USA, leading to centralization of surgery for esophageal cancer in some countries. It is unclear if this is replicated in countries with low population density such as Australia and New Zealand (ANZ). This study determined the relationship between hospital volume and mortality following esophagectomy in ANZ to define optimal hospital caseload.

Cost effectiveness of a novel swallowing and respiratory sensation assessment and a modelled intervention to reduce acute exacerbations of COPD.

Swallowing impairment observed in ~ 20% of people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) may increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia and acute exacerbations. We designed a decision analytic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of the Swallowing and Respiratory Sensation Assessment (SwaRSA) tests and swallowing rehabilitation to reduce COPD exacerbations. We believe that swallowing rehabilitation to improve coordination of swallowing and breathing may reduce exacerbations in people with COPD.

Cost-effective identification of Barrett's esophagus in the community: A first step towards screening.

Background And Aim: The first step towards developing a screening strategy for Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the identification of individuals in the community. Currently available tools include endoscopy, less-invasive non-endoscopic devices, and non-invasive risk stratification models. We evaluated the cost of potential strategies for identification of BE as a first step towards screening.

Measurement properties of utility-based health-related quality of life measures in cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs: a systematic review.

Purpose: To identify utility-based patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs (CR) and appraise existing evidence on their measurement properties. Secondly, to link their items to the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) and the International Consortium of Health Outcome Measures (ICHOM) domains for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: Eight databases were searched.

An innovative business model using established Medicare items for delivery of cardiac rehabilitation: A value proposition for primary care.

Background: Approximately 70% of Australians do not attend cardiac rehabilitation (CR). A potential solution is integrating CR into primary care OBJECTIVE: To propose a business model for primary care providers to implement CR using current Medicare items.

Discussion: Using the chronic disease management plan, general practitioners (GPs) complete four clinical assessments at 1-2 weeks, 8-12 weeks, and 6 and 12 months after discharge.

Accuracy, Acceptability, and Application: Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Early Detection of Advanced Neoplasia in Colonoscopy-Based Surveillance.

Background: The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is widely used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, but limited data exist for its application in individuals at above-average risk for CRC who complete surveillance colonoscopies.

Aim: To assess the accuracy, acceptability, and effectiveness of FIT in the interval between surveillance colonoscopies, for predicting advanced neoplasia (advanced adenoma or CRC) at the next colonoscopy.

Methods: Individuals enrolled in an Australian surveillance program were included.

Clinical effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation and barriers to completion in patients of low socioeconomic status in rural areas: A mixed-methods study.

Objective: To investigate cardiac rehabilitation utilisation and effectiveness, factors, needs and barriers associated with non-completion.

Design: We used the mixed-methods design with concurrent triangulation of a retrospective cohort and a qualitative study.

Setting: Economically disadvantaged areas in rural Australia.

Clinical Effectiveness and Utilisation of Cardiac Rehabilitation After Hospital Discharge: Data Linkage Analysis of 84,064 Eligible Discharged Patients (2016-2021).

Background: Despite the highest levels of evidence on cardiac rehabilitation (CR) effectiveness, its translation into practice is compromised by low participation.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate CR utilisation and effectiveness in South Australia.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data linkage of clinical and administrative databases from 2016 to 2021 to assess the association between CR utilisation (no CR received, commenced without completing, or completed) and the composite primary outcome (mortality/cardiovascular re-admissions within 12 months after discharge).

Exploring the Use of Pictorial Approaches in the Development of Paediatric Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Children may find self-reporting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) presented in text-based formats difficult, particularly younger children and children with developmental delays or chronic illness. In such cases, pictorial PROMs (where pictorial representations are used alongside or to replace text) may offer a valid alternative.

Aim: This systematic literature review focused on identifying and describing paediatric PROMs that incorporate pictorial approaches, providing children with more effective means to express their HRQoL.

Content Comparison of Quality-of-Life Instruments Used in Economic Evaluations of Sleep Disorder Interventions: A Systematic Review.

Background: Assessment of quality of life (QoL) in people living with sleep disorders using questionnaires is necessary to compare intervention benefits. Knowledge of the content and concepts covered by specific QoL instruments is essential to determine which instruments are best suited for conducting economic evaluations of sleep-related interventions.

Objectives: This review aims to identify the QoL instruments that have been applied in economic evaluations of sleep disorder interventions and compare their conceptual overlap and content coverage using the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation programs on medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Education to improve medication adherence is one of the core components of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs. However, the evidence on the effectiveness of CR programs on medication adherence is conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the effectiveness of CR programs versus standard care on medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Health economics in nursing research: what you need to know to include economic evaluation methodology in your research.

Due to limited resources and constant, ever-changing healthcare challenges, health economics is essential to support healthcare decisions while improving health outcomes. Economic evaluation methodology facilitates informed decision-making related to the efficient allocation of resources while positively impacting clinical practice. In this paper, we provide an overview of economic evaluation methods and a real-world example applying one method of economic evaluation (cost-utility analysis) in nursing research.

Health utility assessments in individuals undergoing diagnostic and surveillance colonoscopy: improved discrimination with a cancer-specific scale.

Purpose: To compare the sensitivity and discriminant validity of generic and cancer-specific measures for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for individuals undergoing diagnostic or surveillance colonoscopy for colorectal cancer.

Methods: HRQoL was assessed using EQ-5D-5L (generic), and EORTC QLQ-C30 (cancer-specific) scales, 14 days after (baseline) and one-year following colonoscopy (follow-up). Utility scores were calculated by mapping EORTC-QLQ-C30 onto QLU-C10D.

Effectiveness of alternative vs traditional exercises on cardiac rehabilitation program utilization in women with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: This review will evaluate the effectiveness of alternative vs traditional forms of exercise on cardiac rehabilitation program utilization and other outcomes in women with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Introduction: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs improve health outcomes in women with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease. However, such programs are underutilized worldwide, particularly among women.

Responsiveness and construct validity of EPIC-26, AQoL-6D and SF-6D following treatment in prostate cancer.

Purpose: To assess construct validity and responsiveness of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Instrument (EPIC-26) relative to the Short-Form Six-Dimension (SF-6D) and Assessment of Quality of Life 6-Dimension (AQoL-6D) in patients following treatment for prostate cancer.

Methods: Retrospective prostate cancer registry data were used. The SF-6D, AQoL-6D, and EPIC-26 were collected at baseline and one year post treatment.

Measuring the Wellbeing of Cancer Patients with Generic and Disease-Specific Instruments.

Different wellbeing measures have been used among cancer patients. This study aimed to first investigate the sensitivity of health state utility (HSU), capability, and subjective wellbeing (SWB) instruments in cancer. A cancer-specific instrument (QLQ-C30) was included and transferred onto the cancer-specific HSU scores.

Development and evaluation of a co-designed website for delivering interactive self-directed cardiac rehabilitation.

Aims: The aim of this study is to report on the development and evaluation of the co-designed website for delivering interactive self-directed cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods And Results: Multi-method user experience design framework was used to co-design the web application and complete usability testing. Participants were recruited based on their eligibility for CR.

Cost-Utility Analysis of Rituximab vs Mycophenolate Mofetil for the Treatment of Pemphigus Vulgaris.

Importance: There is an increasing body of literature that supports the use of rituximab as a first-line steroid-sparing agent in pemphigus vulgaris. However, the cost of rituximab is substantial compared with conventional agents, and there are limited health economic data to justify its use.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of rituximab biosimilars relative to mycophenolate mofetil as a first-line steroid-sparing agent for moderate to severe pemphigus vulgaris.

A Systematic Review of International Guidance for Self-Report and Proxy Completion of Child-Specific Utility Instruments.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify and summarize published guidance and recommendations for child self- and proxy assessment of existing child-specific instruments of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that are accompanied by utilities.

Methods: A total of 9 databases plus websites of (1) health technology assessment and health economics outcomes research organizations and (2) instrument developers were systematically searched. Studies were included if they reported guidance for child self- and proxy assessment for child populations (0-18 years old).