Overall survival of palbociclib plus endocrine therapy in Japanese patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer in the first-or second-line setting: a multicenter observational study (P-BRIDGE study).

Background: Recently, we reported the real-world effectiveness of palbociclib plus endocrine therapy (ET) in HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC) in Japan (NCT05399329). However, median overall survival (OS) was not reached because of limited follow-up (36 months). Here, we present follow-up data from this study, including real-world clinical outcomes and treatment patterns.

Real-world progression-free survival and overall survival of palbociclib plus endocrine therapy (ET) in Japanese patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer in the first-line or second-line setting: an observational study.

Background: A recent large real-world study conducted in the United States reported the effectiveness of palbociclib plus aromatase inhibitor in HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC). However, local clinical practice and available medical treatment can vary between Japan and Western countries. Thus, it is important to investigate Japanese real-world data.

Metastatic prostate cancer-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate osteoclastogenesis by transferring the CDCP1 protein.

Bone metastases are still incurable and result in the development of clinical complications and decreased survival for prostate cancer patients. Recently, a number of studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in tumour progression. Here, we show that EVs from metastatic prostate cancer cells promote osteoclast formation in the presence of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL).

Palbociclib as an early-line treatment for Japanese patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer: a review of clinical trial and real-world data.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide and in Japan. The majority of breast cancers are hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2‒), and endocrine therapy is an effective therapy for this type of breast cancer. However, recent substantial advances have been made in the management of HR+/HER2‒ advanced breast cancer (ABC) with the advent of targeted therapies, such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, resulting in significant improvements in survival outcomes versus endocrine therapy alone.

The miR-1908/SRM regulatory axis contributes to extracellular vesicle secretion in prostate cancer.

Targeting extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion can have potential clinical implications for cancer therapy, however the precise regulatory mechanisms of EV secretion are not fully understood. Recently, we have shown a novel pathway of EV biogenesis in PCa cell lines, PC3 and PC3M. However, as the characteristics of EVs are divergent even among PCa cell lines, we hypothesized that other pathways or common regulatory pathways of EV biogenesis still exist.

miR-26a regulates extracellular vesicle secretion from prostate cancer cells via targeting SHC4, PFDN4, and CHORDC1.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular communication during cancer progression; thus, elucidating the mechanism of EV secretion in cancer cells will contribute to the development of an EV-targeted cancer treatment. However, the biogenesis of EVs in cancer cells is not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate a variety of biological phenomena; thus, miRNAs could regulate EV secretion.

Altered biodistribution of deglycosylated extracellular vesicles through enhanced cellular uptake.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cancer are delivered both proximal and distal organs. EVs are highly glycosylated at the surface where EVs interact with cells and therefore has an impact on their properties and biological functions. Aberrant glycosylation in cancer is associated with cancer progression and metastasis.

Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid membrane vesicles that are secreted from almost all kinds of cells into the extracellular space. EVs are widely accepted to be involved in various cellular processes; in particular, EVs derived from cancer cells have been reported to play important roles in modifying the tumor microenvironment and promoting tumor progression. In addition, EVs derived from cancer cells encapsulate various kinds of tumor-specific molecules, such as proteins and RNAs, which contribute to cancer malignancy.

Latest advances in extracellular vesicles: from bench to bedside.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membraned vesicles and approximately 50-150 nm in diameter. Almost all of the type of cells releases the EVs and circulates in the body fluids. EVs contain multiple functional components, such as mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), DNAs, and proteins, which can be transferred to the recipient cells, resulting in phenotypic changes.

An Insight into the Roles of MicroRNAs and Exosomes in Sarcoma.

Sarcomas are rare solid tumors, but at least one-third of patients with sarcoma die from tumor-related disease. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a noncoding RNA that regulates gene expression in all cells and plays a key role in the progression of cancers. Recently, it was identified that miRNAs are transferred between cells by enclosure in extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes.

Exploiting the message from cancer: the diagnostic value of extracellular vesicles for clinical applications.

Liquid biopsy is indispensable for the resolution of current medical issues, such as the cost of developing new drugs and predicting responses of patients to drugs. In this sense, not only the technology for liquid biopsy but also the target biomolecules for biomarkers need to be identified. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain various proteins, including membrane-bound proteins, and RNAs, including mRNA and long/short noncoding RNAs, have emerged as ideal targets for liquid biopsy.

Cross-talk between cancer cells and their neighbors via miRNA in extracellular vesicles: an emerging player in cancer metastasis.

Cancer metastasis is the major cause of mortality in cancer cases and is responsible for cancer deaths. It is known that cancer cells communicate with surrounding microenvironmental cells, such as fibroblast cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells, to create a cancer microenvironment for their progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles that can be secreted by most types of cells and play an important role in cell-to-cell communications via transferring bioactive cargos, including variable RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), to recipient cells.

UBL3 modification influences protein sorting to small extracellular vesicles.

Exosomes, a type of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), derived from multivesicular bodies (MVBs), mediate cell-to-cell communication by transporting proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs. However, the molecular mechanism by which proteins are sorted to sEVs is not fully understood. Here, we report that ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3)/membrane-anchored Ub-fold protein (MUB) acts as a posttranslational modification (PTM) factor that regulates protein sorting to sEVs.

Conservation of epigenetic regulation by the MLL3/4 tumour suppressor in planarian pluripotent stem cells.

Currently, little is known about the evolution of epigenetic regulation in animal stem cells. Here we demonstrate, using the planarian stem cell system to investigate the role of the COMPASS family of MLL3/4 histone methyltransferases that their function as tumor suppressors in mammalian stem cells is conserved over a long evolutionary distance. To investigate the potential conservation of a genome-wide epigenetic regulatory program in animal stem cells, we assess the effects of Mll3/4 loss of function by performing RNA-seq and ChIP-seq on the G2/M planarian stem cell population, part of which contributes to the formation of outgrowths.

Extracellular vesicles: Toward a clinical application in urological cancer treatment.

Extracellular vesicles are nanometer-sized lipid membranous vesicles that are released from almost all types of cells into the extracellular space. Extracellular vesicles have gained considerable attention in the past decade, and emerging evidence suggests that they play novel roles in mediating cancer biology. Extracellular vesicles contain pathogenic components, such as proteins, DNA fragments, messenger ribonucleic acids, non-coding ribonucleic acids and lipids, all of which mediate paracrine signaling in the tumor microenvironment.

A Challenge to Aging Society by microRNA in Extracellular Vesicles: microRNA in Extracellular Vesicles as Promising Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells and is the second most common hematological cancer. MM frequently occurs in the elderly population with the median age as the middle sixties. Over the last 10 years, the prognosis of MM has been dramatically improved by new therapeutic drugs; however, MM is still incurable.

Cancer-secreted hsa-miR-940 induces an osteoblastic phenotype in the bone metastatic microenvironment via targeting ARHGAP1 and FAM134A.

Bone metastatic lesions are classified as osteoblastic or osteolytic lesions. Prostate and breast cancer patients frequently exhibit osteoblastic-type and osteolytic-type bone metastasis, respectively. In metastatic lesions, tumor cells interact with many different cell types, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in an osteoblastic or osteolytic phenotype.

The small vesicular culprits: the investigation of extracellular vesicles as new targets for cancer treatment.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released from almost all type of cells including cancer cells. EVs transfer their components, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs, lipids and proteins, from one cell to another, affecting the target cells. Emerging evidence suggests that reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and the cells in their microenvironment via EVs drive disease progression and therapy resistance.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors control pluripotent adult stem cell migration in planarians.

Migration of stem cells underpins the physiology of metazoan animals. For tissues to be maintained, stem cells and their progeny must migrate and differentiate in the correct positions. This need is even more acute after tissue damage by wounding or pathogenic infection.

The abrogation of condensin function provides independent evidence for defining the self-renewing population of pluripotent stem cells.

Heterogeneity of planarian stem cells has been categorised on the basis of single cell expression analyses and subsequent experiments to demonstrate lineage relationships. Some data suggest that despite heterogeneity in gene expression amongst cells in the cell cycle, in fact only one sub-population, known as sigma neoblasts, can self-renew. Without the tools to perform live in vivo lineage analysis, we instead took an alternative approach to provide independent evidence for defining the self-renewing stem cell population.

miR-125b and miR-100 Are Predictive Biomarkers of Response to Induction Chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy in bone. Patients who respond poorly to induction chemotherapy are at higher risk of adverse prognosis. The molecular basis for such poor prognosis remains unclear.

Concomitant Evaluation of a Panel of Exosome Proteins and MiRs for Qualification of Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells.

Purpose: We elucidate a method to use secreted miRNA profiles to qualify cultured human corneal endothelial cells (cHCECs) adaptable for cell-injection therapy.

Methods: The variations of cHCECs in their composites of heterogeneous subpopulations (SPs) were verified in relation to their surface cluster-of-differentiation (CD) markers. Integrated analysis of micro RNA (miRNA) profiles in culture supernatants (CS) were investigated by 3D-Gene Human microRNA Chips.

Expression Level of Urinary MicroRNA-146a-5p Is Increased in Patients With Bladder Cancer and Decreased in Those After Transurethral Resection.

Background: Bladder cancer is the most prevalent malignancy involving the urinary system and exhibits a markedly high recurrence rate. Therefore, reliable and noninvasive diagnostic and surveillance methods are desperately needed.

Patients And Methods: Candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) were selected from the miRNAs that were differentially expressed in bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and RT4) compared to normal ureteral epithelial tissue using miRNA-microarray analysis.

Versatile roles of extracellular vesicles in cancer.

Numerous studies have shown that non-cell-autonomous regulation of cancer cells is an important aspect of tumorigenesis. Cancer cells need to communicate with stromal cells by humoral factors such as VEGF, FGFs, and Wnt in order to survive. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have also been shown to be involved in cell-cell communication between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment and to be important for the development of cancer.