Dropless Cataract Surgery: A Review of the Literature.

Cataract surgery is one of the most performed surgeries worldwide, often necessitating postoperative eye drops to manage infection, inflammation, and pain. However, complex regimens, patient adherence challenges, and environmental concerns have led to growing interest in "dropless" cataract surgery, which eliminates or reduces the need for postoperative drops by delivering medications intraoperatively through injections or drug-eluting implants. This review provides an overview of dropless cataract surgery, focusing on common medications used including antibiotics, steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intraocular pressure medications.

Salmon patch maculopathy: An amblyogenic complication of pediatric sickle cell retinopathy.

Purpose: To report a case of a large foveal sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage from sickle cell retinopathy in a pediatric patient.

Observations: A five-year-old boy with sickle cell disease (SCD) type SS (HbSS) and numerous complications was referred after a failed vision screening and was found to have a large yellow subacute sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage overlying the fovea in his right eye. There were several other peripheral salmon patches noted.

A needs-based approach to promoting gender equity and inclusivity: insights from participatory research with farmer-producer organisations (FPOs).

The farmer-producer organisation (FPO) is an umbrella term used to describe modes of farmer collectivisation in India, i.e. co-operatives and companies.

Detailed phenotype and long-term follow-up of associated cone-rod dystrophy.

Purpose: To gain an insight into the pathophysiology of associated inherited retinal degeneration through detailed phenotyping and long-term longitudinal follow-up.

Methods: The patient underwent complete ophthalmic examinations. Visual function was assessed with microperimetry, full-field electroretinography (ffERG), imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT), short-wave (SW), and near-infrared (NIR) fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

Posterior Retinal Breaks Secondary to Closed-Globe Blunt Ocular Trauma.

To describe 2 cases of posterior pole retinal tears resulting from closed-globe trauma. Two cases of retinal breaks in the posterior pole after blunt ocular trauma were evaluated, and the relevant literature was reviewed. Two eyes of 2 patients with posterior pole retinal tears secondary to closed-globe trauma were included.

Home Gardening of Yellow Cassava and Orange Maize for the Prevention of Nutritional Blindness in Children: An Economic Evaluation and Value of Information Analysis.

Objectives: Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide, affecting mostly Sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to predict the cost-effectiveness of home gardening (HG) of yellow cassava and orange maize to prevent nutritional blindness in children below 5 years and to assess the likely value of obtaining additional information in reducing uncertainty surrounding its cost-effectiveness.

Methods: We developed a Markov model and carried out probabilistic sensitivity analysis with a value of information analysis.

Laparoscopic Excision of an Infected Urachal Sinus in a Teenager: A Rare Case Report With Histological Highlights.

During the development of the coelomic cavity, there is accessible communication between the urinary bladder and the umbilical wall through the urachus. Persistence of this tract results in urachal pathologies with variable symptoms. We present a case of an infected urachal cyst presenting as an umbilical mass with clear discharge in a 19-year-old male successfully managed laparoscopically.

Cameras in the Hands of Indigenous Youth: Participation, Films, and Nutrition in India.

Background: Indigenous communities in India have diets that do not fulfill all of their minimum nutritional requirements. Given the unaffordability of healthy diets, these communities rely on common-pool resources to make up for shortfalls in food. Yet, such foods are devalued as "backward," and accessing them is regulated by unequal gendered roles.

Characterizing the performance of emergency medical transport time metrics in a residentially segregated community.

Objective: To derive and characterize the performance of various metrics of emergency transport time in assessing for sociodemographic disparities in the setting of residential segregation. Secondarily to characterize racial disparities in emergency transport time of suspected stroke patients in Austin, Texas.

Data Sources: We used a novel dataset of 2518 unique entries with detailed spatial and temporal information on all suspected stroke transports conducted by a public emergency medical service in Central Texas between 2010 and 2018.

Impact of home food production on nutritional blindness, stunting, wasting, underweight and mortality in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.

Vitamin A deficiency is highly prevalent and remains the major cause of nutritional blindness in children in low-and middle-income countries, despite supplementation programmes. Xeropthalmia (severe drying and thickening of the conjunctiva) is caused by vitamin A deficiency and leads to irreversible blindness. Vitamin A supplementation programmes effectively reduce vitamin A deficiency but many rural children are not reached.

Destinations Matter: Social Policy and Migrant Workers in the Times of Covid.

The national lockdown of India announced on March 24th 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, left millions of migrant labourers stranded in their destinations. Thrown out of their informal labour arrangements in cities and industrial centres, unable to return to their villages in the absence of transportation, they were stranded for over a month with no income, improper housing and often lack of food. This paper discusses the experiences of men migrating from Chakai block, Jamui district, Bihar, to four Indian states, namely, Kerala, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.

Analysis of streptococcal CRISPRs from human saliva reveals substantial sequence diversity within and between subjects over time.

Viruses may play an important role in the evolution of human microbial communities. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) provide bacteria and archaea with adaptive immunity to previously encountered viruses. Little is known about CRISPR composition in members of human microbial communities, the relative rate of CRISPR locus change, or how CRISPR loci differ between the microbiota of different individuals.