Reaching consensus as to how knowledge of development underscores our understanding of deficient ventricular septation.

Some of us recently discussed the problems existing in describing the channels that permit interventricular shunting. We offered suggestions for improvement, particularly when assessing the channel that is found when both arterial trunks arise from the morphologically right ventricle. Our proposals engendered significant debate, with several criticisms appearing in an editorial commentary.

Congenitally Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries With Double Aortic Arch and Membranous Septal Aneurysm-A Rare Association.

We describe a case of congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (ccTGA) with associated double aortic arch and membranous septal aneurysm. We describe the multimodality imaging features and clinical presentation due to these anomalies.

Anomalies of the Brachiocephalic Vein: A Pictorial Review.

Anomalies of the brachiocephalic or "innominate" vein, which may be of course or number, are rare. Previously, most cases were incidentally detected during surgery or in autopsy specimens. Doppler evaluation may also demonstrate these anomalies; however, the sensitivity is poor due to suboptimal visualization of the entire course.

Impact of Thyroid Arterial Embolization on Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients with Nodular and Multinodular Goiter.

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of thyroid arterial embolization (TAE) and its impact on clinical outcomes and quality of life (QoL) in patients with nodular and multinodular goiter (NG/ MNG).

Materials And Methods: The study included 20 patients with NG/ MNG (16 women, 4 men; mean age, 37 years) who underwent TAE using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles (350-500 μm) between January 2022 and December 2023. Clinical, radiological and quality of life (QoL) assessment (thyPRO-39 questionnaire) were performed at baseline and 6 months post-procedure.

Clarifying the cardiovascular morphology and associated abnormalities in patients with tricuspid Atresia using multidetector computed tomography angiography.

The present study sought to assess the intracardiac morphology and associated cardiovascular anomalies in patients with tricuspid atresia using multidetector CT angiography. CT angiography datasets of all patients diagnosed with tricuspid atresia at our institution between November 2014 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The type of tricuspid atresia and associated cardiovascular structural anomalies detected on CT angiography were evaluated.

Can We Better Understand the Anatomy of Channels Between the Ventricles on the Basis of Knowledge of Their Development?

Surgeons usually close the channels described as "ventricular septal defects." When both arterial trunks arise from the right ventricle, however, the surgeon will be aware that it is not appropriate to close the channel most frequently described as the "ventricular septal defect." In this latter setting, furthermore, there is currently no name for the area usually closed during surgery to restore septal integrity.

Aneurysmal left circumflex artery-to-coronary sinus fistula.

We report a case of a 19-year-old female patient presenting with recurrent episodes of dyspnoea on exertion and presyncope. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography demonstrated an aneurysmal left circumflex artery-to-coronary sinus fistula which was successfully managed using transcatheter closure of the fistulous communication. The present case highlights a rare variety of coronary artery fistula while underscoring the role of cardiac CT angiography in diagnosis and planning of management in such conditions.

Obstructed infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with patent ductus venosus: possibility of emergency palliation.

Background: Patients with obstructed infra-cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) require urgent intervention to relieve the obstruction, with or without restoration of anatomical continuity between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium. In cases of infra-cardiac TAPVC draining into the inferior vena cava (IVC) or hepatic vein, the obstructed channel can be accessed via the systemic venous approach for endovascular palliation. However, in cases of infra-cardiac TAPVC draining into the portal venous system, an endovascular approach to the obstructed channel is not possible via the transfemoral route and may require direct percutaneous puncture of the splenoportal axis.

Giant pulmonary vein aneurysm.

We report a case of a 14-year-old girl with complex congenital heart disease where computed tomography (CT) angiography demonstrated a giant aneurysm of the right inferior pulmonary vein, in the absence of any downstream obstruction. The case highlights the developmental aspects of this rare anomaly in addition to the role of CT angiography in anatomical depiction of structures which are difficult to visualize on transthoracic echocardiography.

Incremental Role of Cardiac CT Angiography in the Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease With Normal Ejection Fraction: A Comparison With Transthoracic Echocardiography.

Objective: Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is defined as impaired left ventricular (LV) relaxation, caused by structural or functional heart diseases. We sought to assess the role of cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) as a tool to evaluate LV DD in patients with normal EF using the diastolic expansion index (DEI), as compared to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as the gold standard.

Methods: Patients presenting with atypical chest pain with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) and having a normal LV ejection fraction on TTE underwent CCTA using a dual source CT scanner.

Clarifying the Cardiovascular Morphology and Associated Abnormalities in Patients with Double Inlet Right Ventricle Using Multidetector CT Angiography.

We sought to evaluate the intracardiac morphology and associated cardiovascular anomalies in patients with double inlet right ventricle (DIRV) on multidetector CT angiography. A retrospective search of our departmental database was conducted from January 2014 to January 2023 to identify patients with a diagnosis of DIRV on CT angiography. The intracardiac anatomy and associated cardiovascular abnormalities were systematically evaluated.

Isolation of left brachiocephalic artery in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot.

We present the case of a 4-year-old girl with tetralogy of Fallot associated with an incidentally detected isolation of the left brachiocephalic artery, with no communication between it and the pulmonary artery or ductus arteriosus. The case highlights the unusual association and hemodynamic consequences of the condition.

Evaluation of reliability and radiation dose reduction in coronary artery calcium scoring by using a low tube current and low kilo-voltage peak with advanced modelled iterative reconstruction.

Objective: The present study sought to compare the reliability and radiation dose of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring using low tube current (16 mAs), low kilo-voltage peak (100 kVp) and advanced modelled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE 5) with the standard protocol (80 mAs, 120 kVp, ADMIRE 3).

Material And Methods: A prospective single centre study including 200 consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease referred for CT coronary angiography was conducted. All 200 patients underwent CAC scoring using the low current-low kVp protocol as well as standard protocol and were subdivided into a derivation and validation cohorts.

Unicuspid unicommissural aortic valve.

We describe a case of a 30-year-old woman with gradually increasing dyspnoea on exertion where CT angiography revealed a unicuspid unicommissural morphology of the aortic valve. The present report highlights the anatomical and embryological aspects of this rare anatomical variant as well as the associated cardiovascular abnormalities.