A High-Throughput Yellow Fever Neutralization Assay.

Quick and accurate detection of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against yellow fever is essential in serodiagnosis during outbreaks for surveillance and to evaluate vaccine efficacy in population-wide studies. All of this requires serological assays that can process a large number of samples in a highly standardized format. Albeit being laborious, time-consuming, and limited in throughput, the classical plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is still considered the gold standard for the detection and quantification of nAbs due to its sensitivity and specificity.

A Yellow Fever 17D Virus Replicon-Based Vaccine Platform for Emerging Coronaviruses.

The tremendous global impact of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as well as other current and recent outbreaks of (re)emerging viruses, emphasize the need for fast-track development of effective vaccines. Yellow fever virus 17D (YF17D) is a live-attenuated virus vaccine with an impressive efficacy record in humans, and therefore, it is a very attractive platform for the development of novel chimeric vaccines against various pathogens. In the present study, we generated a YF17D-based replicon vaccine platform by replacing the prM and E surface proteins of YF17D with antigenic subdomains from the spike (S) proteins of three different betacoronaviruses: MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and MHV.

Comparing immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the yellow fever 17D vaccine in mice.

The live-attenuated yellow fever 17D (YF17D) vaccine is one of the most efficacious human vaccines and also employed as a vector for novel vaccines. However, in the lack of appropriate immunocompetent small animal models, mechanistic insight in YF17D-induced protective immunity remains limited. To better understand YF17D vaccination and to identify a suitable mouse model, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of YF17D in five complementary mouse models, i.

Speech intelligibility, nasal resonance, and swallowing ability of maxillectomy patients with customized obturator: A non randomized controlled study.

Aim: To compare speech intelligibility (SI), nasal resonance, and swallowing ability in maxillectomy patients with a customized obturator to the conventional obturator.

Settings And Design: Non-randomized controlled study.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight maxillectomy patients were recruited and assessment of SI, nasal resonance, and swallowing ability was done at three situations: without obturator, with conventional obturator, and with customized obturator.

Clinical outcomes of flap versus flapless immediately loaded single dental implants in the mandibular posterior region: One-year follow-up results from a randomized controlled trial.

Statement Of Problem: Flapless implant placement with immediate functional loading has been reported in anterior locations. However, data on posterior locations are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine and compare clinical outcomes of flap versus flapless surgically placed single posterior mandibular dental implants subjected to immediate functional loading.

A single-dose live-attenuated YF17D-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate.

The expanding pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires the development of safe, efficacious and fast-acting vaccines. Several vaccine platforms are being leveraged for a rapid emergency response. Here we describe the development of a candidate vaccine (YF-S0) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that uses live-attenuated yellow fever 17D (YF17D) vaccine as a vector to express a noncleavable prefusion form of the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen.

A Chimeric Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Protects against Lethal Yellow Fever Virus Infection without Inducing Neutralizing Antibodies.

Recent outbreaks of yellow fever virus (YFV) in West Africa and Brazil resulted in rapid depletion of global vaccine emergency stockpiles and raised concerns about being unprepared against future YFV epidemics. Here we report that a live attenuated virus similar to the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine JE-CVax/Imojev that consists of YFV-17D vaccine from which the structural (prM/E) genes have been replaced with those of the JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine strain confers full protection in mice against lethal YFV challenge. In contrast to the YFV-17D-mediated protection against YFV, this protection is not mediated by neutralizing antibodies but correlates with YFV-specific nonneutralizing antibodies and T cell responses against cell-associated YFV NS1 and other YFV nonstructural (NS) proteins.

A chimeric yellow fever-Zika virus vaccine candidate fully protects against yellow fever virus infection in mice.

The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas, followed by the yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreaks in Angola and Brazil highlight the urgent need for safe and efficient vaccines against the ZIKV as well as much greater production capacity for the YFV-17D vaccine. Given that the ZIKV and the YFV are largely prevalent in the same geographical areas, vaccines that would provide dual protection against both pathogens may obviously offer a significant benefit. We have recently engineered a chimeric vaccine candidate (YF-ZIKprM/E) by swapping the sequences encoding the YFV-17D surface glycoproteins prM/E by the corresponding sequences of the ZIKV.

Limited evolution of the yellow fever virus 17d in a mouse infection model.

By infecting mice with the yellow fever virus vaccine strain 17D (YFV-17D; Stamaril®), the dose dependence and evolutionary consequences of neurotropic yellow fever infection was assessed. Highly susceptible AG129 mice were used to allow for a maximal/unlimited expansion of the viral populations. Infected mice uniformly developed neurotropic disease; the virus was isolated from their brains, plaque purified and sequenced.

A yellow fever-Zika chimeric virus vaccine candidate protects against Zika infection and congenital malformations in mice.

The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas led to an intense search for therapeutics and vaccines. Here we report the engineering of a chimeric virus vaccine candidate (YF-ZIKprM/E) by replacing the antigenic surface glycoproteins and the capsid anchor of YFV-17D with those of a prototypic Asian lineage ZIKV isolate. By intracellular passaging, a variant with adaptive mutations in the E protein was obtained.

Comparison of the effectiveness of Tokuyama and GC II metal primer on the bond strength of acrylic resins to Ti-6Al-7Nb.

Statement Of Problem: Because of the toxicity of vanadium in Ti-6Al-4V alloy, next generation of titanium alloys is proposed to focus on niobium-containing alloy, but for clinical applications, it is crucial for this alloy to bond with acrylic resins with or without the use of primers. However, literature was lacking about the effect of primers on bonding of autopolymerizing resins to Ti-6Al-7Nb.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different metal primers on the shear bond strength of acrylic resin to Ti-6Al-7Nb.

A rat model for hepatitis E virus.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the prime causes of acute viral hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis E is increasingly recognized as an important problem in the transplant setting. Nevertheless, the fundamental understanding of the biology of HEV replication is limited and there are few therapeutic options. The development of such therapies is partially hindered by the lack of a robust and convenient animal model.

Cerrobend shielding stents for buccal carcinoma patients.

Buccal carcinoma is one of the most common oral malignant neoplasms, especially in the South Asian region. Radiotherapy, which plays a significant role in the treatment of this carcinoma, has severe adverse effects. Different types of prosthesis may be constructed to protect healthy tissues from the adverse effects of treatment and concentrate radiation in the region of the tumor mass.

A pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of cerrobend shielding stents in preventing adverse radiotherapeutic effects in buccal carcinoma patients.

Background: Radiation stents made of Lipowitz metal or cerrobend alloy are commonly used to shield uninvolved tissues from electron beams used in therapeutic radiation treatment of head and neck cancers. However, studies investigating the efficacy of cerrobend shielding stent in patients with unilateral buccal carcinoma remain rare.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of cerrobend shielding stents in minimizing the potential adverse effects of radiation on oral tissues in buccal carcinoma patients.

Changes in alveolar bone density around immediate functionally and nonfunctionally loaded implants.

Statement Of Problem: Few studies compare the radiographic changes in bone density associated with immediate implant loading protocols.

Purpose: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to quantitatively assess radiographic changes in alveolar bone density around immediate functionally and nonfunctionally loaded implants.

Material And Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in which 20 participants with partially edentulous mandibles received implants that were immediately loaded either functionally (IFL) or nonfunctionally (INFL).

Comparison of Rehabilitating Missing Mandibular First Molars with Implant- or Tooth-Supported Prostheses Using Masticatory Efficiency and Patient Satisfaction Outcomes.

Purpose: To determine whether a fixed partial denture (FPD) or an implant replacement of a single missing tooth leads to better masticatory efficiency and patient satisfaction.

Materials And Methods: One-hundred and twenty participants with missing mandibular right first molars were selected on the basis of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After obtaining informed consent, 60 participants were randomized to the teeth-supported (FPD) group and 60 to the implant placement group (IMP).

An In Vivo 24-Month Study to Compare Crestal Bone Loss and Pocket Depth of Platform-Switched Implants Placed in Maxillary Anterior and Mandibular Posterior Regions.

Purpose: To analyze and compare crestal bone loss and pocket depth around platform-switched implants placed at two intraoral locations.

Materials And Methods: Eighty platform-switched implants, 40 in the maxillary anterior region (group - ANT) and 40 in the mandibular posterior region (group - POST), were placed in healthy men aged between 25 and 45 years, and restored following two-stage surgical and progressive loading protocols. Digital radiographs for crestal bone level assessment and pocket depths on facial, mesial, distal, and palatal/lingual sites around the implant were recorded at definitive restoration cementation (baseline) and 6-month follow-up.

Assessment of swallowing and masticatory performance in obturator wearers: a clinical study.

Purpose: To assess function by identifying changes in swallowing and masticatory performance in maxillary obturator prosthesis wearers.

Materials And Methods: Sixty subjects were recruited for the study, of which 20 were obturator wearers, 20 were completely dentulous and 20 had removable partial/complete dentures with similar Eichner's Index. Swallowing ability was evaluated with and without obturator using the "Water Drinking Test"; Masticatory performance was evaluated with the Sieve test; and maximum occlusal force was recorded with the help of a digital bite sensor.

A simplified approach for the rehabilitation of an auricular defect: a case report.

Background And Aim: Replacement of missing ear is a challenging task in which extensive array of materials and techniques have been employed. Materials such as silicones and methacrylate acrylic resins have been widely used for auricular prosthesis. This article describes a simplified procedure for fabricating resilient heat-cured acrylic resin auricular prosthesis, retained with a custom-made acrylic bar with ball attachments.

Placement of implants in an ossifying fibroma defect obliterated with demineralized, freeze-dried bone allograft and Plasma-rich growth factor.

There has been considerable clinical interest in combining the grafts, particularly bone allografts for support for dental implants, soft-tissue support, periodontal maintenance, and ovate pontic formation. The use of demineralized, freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) offers certain advantages over other graft materials and can avoid the need for a second-site surgery for autogenous donor bone. The advantages of DFDBA include handling properties, osteoinductivity, membrane tenting, and less susceptibility to migration after placement.

Management of maxillectomy defect with a hybrid hollow bulb obturator.

A woman having already undergone maxillectomy came to the department complaining of difficulty in eating and speech. During the construction of an obturator, the bulb area should be hollowed to reduce weight so that the teeth and supporting tissues are not stressed unnecessarily. The conventional open design drains fluid from the adjacent mucosa, possibly increasing the weight of the prosthesis, and is difficult to clean.

Role of stem cells in tooth bioengineering.

The creation of teeth in the laboratory depends upon the manipulation of stem cells and requires a synergy of all cellular and molecular events that finally lead to the formation of tooth-specific hard tissues, dentin, and enamel. This review focuses on the different sources of stem cells that have been used for making teeth in vitro. The search was performed from 1970 to 2012 and was limited to English language papers.

Two-piece denture-obturator prosthesis for a patient with severe trismus: a new approach.

Prosthetic intervention with maxillary obturator prosthesis is necessary to restore the contours of resected palate and to recreate the functional separation of the oral cavity and sinus and nasal cavity. Trismus occurs most frequently in maxillectomy patient following surgical procedure. Absence of graft placement and healing by secondary intention always results in healing contracture and trismus.