Fractures are Highly Correlated with Bone Density and Inversely Correlated with Bone Turnover Markers in Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis.

Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis (ADO) is a rare, osteosclerotic disorder usually caused by missense variants in the CLCN7 gene, resulting in impaired osteoclastic bone resorption. Penetrance is incomplete and disease severity varies widely, even among relatives within the same family. Although ADO can cause visual loss, osteonecrosis, osteomyelitis, and bone marrow failure, the most common complication of ADO is fracture.

Molecular pathogenesis of infection in human volunteers.

SUMMARY is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that forms a distinct lineage with and within the causes chancroid, which is characterized by painful genital ulcers (GU) and inguinal lymphadenitis, and facilitates the transmission of HIV. Although once thought to be exclusively sexually transmitted, is now recognized as a major cause of non-sexually transmitted cutaneous ulcers (CU) on the lower legs of children who live in yaws-endemic areas. Due to the impact of chancroid on global health, the lack of human specimens, and the need to understand pathogenesis, in 1993, we developed a model in which healthy adult volunteers are infected on the skin overlying the deltoid with the GU strain 35000HP and its isogenic mutants.

Patient Navigation Plus Tailored Digital Video Disc Increases Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Low-Income and Minority Patients Who Did Not Attend a Scheduled Screening Colonoscopy: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Up to 50% of people scheduled for screening colonoscopy do not complete this test and no studies have focused on minority and low-income populations. Interventions are needed to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening knowledge, reduce barriers, and provide alternative screening options. Patient navigation (PN) and tailored interventions increase CRC screening uptake, however there is limited information comparing their effectiveness or the effect of combining them.

Sexual behavior shapes male genitourinary microbiome composition.

The origin, composition, and significance of the distal male urethral microbiome are unclear, but vaginal microbiome dysbiosis is linked to new sex partners and several urogynecological syndromes. We characterized 110 urethral specimens from men without urethral symptoms, infections, or inflammation using shotgun metagenomics. Most urethral specimens contain characteristic lactic acid bacteria and Corynebacterium spp.

Factors affecting dialysis duration in children with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Background: Predicting disease severity can be informative for management of HUS. Dialysis requirement, volume depletion, elevated white blood cell counts, very young age, and use of antimotility agents are known factors associated with severe HUS.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed to identify factors associated with dialysis duration using electronic medical record and chart review of 76 children ≤ 18 years of age at presentation with STEC-HUS identified through billing data from July 2008 to April 2020 at James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University, Indiana.

Association between early respiratory viral infections and structural lung disease in infants with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) develop structural lung disease early in life, and viral infections are associated with progressive lung disease. We hypothesized that the presence of respiratory viruses would be associated with structural lung disease on computed tomography (CT) of the chest in infants with CF.

Methods: Infants with CF were enrolled before 4 months of age.

Process Evaluation of a Mailed Interactive Educational DVD in a Comparative Effectiveness Trial to Promote Colorectal Cancer Screening.

A process evaluation was conducted as part of a comparative effectiveness trial of a mailed interactive educational DVD intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening among average-risk patients who did not attend a scheduled colonoscopy. Participants (n = 371) for the trial were randomized to (1) mailed DVD, (2) mailed DVD plus patient navigation, or (3) usual care. Participants (n = 243) randomized to the two DVD intervention arms were called 2 weeks after mailing materials to complete a process evaluation interview about the DVD (September 2017-February 2020).

Interferon Gamma-1b Does Not Increase Markers of Bone Resorption in Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis.

In autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type 2 (ADO2) CLCN7 mutations cause impaired osteoclast function. Severe consequences include skeletal fragility despite high bone mass, osteomyelitis, osteonecrosis, bone marrow failure, and severe cranial nerve impingement. There is no effective medical treatment for ADO2.

Early respiratory viral infections in infants with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Viral infections contribute to morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF), but the impact of respiratory viruses on the development of airway disease is poorly understood.

Methods: Infants with CF identified by newborn screening were enrolled prior to 4 months of age to participate in a prospective observational study at 4 centers. Clinical data were collected at clinic visits and weekly phone calls.

Adult Outcomes After Newborn Respiratory Failure Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Objective: To describe the outcome of young adults treated for hypoxemic respiratory failure with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as neonates.

Design: The study was designed as a multisite, cross sectional survey.

Setting: The survey was completed electronically or on paper by subjects and stored in a secure data base.

Predictors of stage of adoption for colorectal cancer screening among African American primary care patients.

Background: Compared with other racial groups, African Americans have the highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates coupled with lower screening rates.

Objective: Our study examined the predictors of stage of adoption for fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy among African American primary care patients who were nonadherent to published screening guidelines.

Methods: Baseline data (N = 815) in a randomized clinical trial were analyzed.

Computer-delivered tailored intervention improves colon cancer screening knowledge and health beliefs of African-Americans.

We conducted a randomized controlled trial among African-American patients attending a primary-care provider visit to compare efficacy of a computer-delivered tailored intervention to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening (n = 273) with non-tailored print material-an American Cancer Society brochure on CRC screening (n = 283). Health Belief Model constructs were used to develop tailored messages and examined as outcomes. Analysis of covariance models were used to compare changes between CRC knowledge and health belief scores at baseline and 1 week post-intervention.