Development of a cost-effective osteoporosis risk scoring system for early detection in low-resource settings: A community-based approach.

Background: Osteoporotic fractures pose a significant public health burden, particularly in resource-constrained settings where diagnostic tools like DXA scans are unavailable. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple, community-based osteoporosis risk scoring system that incorporates demographic, clinical, and radiographic parameters to identify high-risk individuals for early intervention.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, involving 750 participants aged 40 years and above.

Undiagnosed vertebral fragility fractures in patients with distal radius fragility fractures: an opportunity for prevention of morbimortality in osteoporotic patients in developing countries.

Unlabelled: Our study investigates vertebral fractures in individuals with distal radius fractures. Among 512 patients, 41.21% had vertebral fractures, predominantly in the lumbar spine.

Introducing the Muzzammil classification for spoke wheel injuries in children to enhance injury assessment and treatment in developing countries.

Motorbike spoke wheel injuries (SWIs) among children are a notable public health concern, especially in low and middle-income regions. The primary objective of this study is to comprehensively examine the patterns of motorbike spoke wheel injuries (SWIs) in children. Additionally, the study introduces a novel classification system for these injuries.

Almajiri health; a scoping review on disease, health literacy and space for participatory research.

Introduction: Almajirai are male children in Northern Nigeria and Southern Niger who study Islam in the almajiranci system. Almajiranci has been associated with non-participation in formal education, abuse, poverty, and underdevelopment. However, the peer-reviewed literature around health among almajirai remains limited.

Provider-identified barriers to performance at seven Nigerian accident & emergency units: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Nigeria hosts much of Africa's morbidity and mortality from emergency medical conditions. We surveyed providers at seven Nigerian Accident & Emergency (A&E) units about (i) their unit's ability to manage six major types of emergency medical condition (sentinel conditions) and (ii) barriers to performing key functions (signal functions) to manage sentinel conditions. Here, we present our analysis of provider-reported barriers to signal function performance.

Association Between Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Medical Specialties and Residency Application Rates.

Importance: The lack of racial and ethnic diversity in the US medical profession is a well-recognized problem, and racial and ethnic representation is highly variable across the medical specialties. Residency selection is a crucial juncture at which diversity and representation in specialties can be increased.

Objective: To identify factors associated with residency application rates for medical specialties by race and ethnicity.

Revisiting the Exhibits-Medical Student Reflections on Changes to the Institutional Portraiture at a US Medical School.

Background: Yale School of Medicine's (YSM) Sterling Hall of Medicine (SHM) has historically been lined with large oil paintings of mostly White men, despite over a century of Black and female enrollment. These spaces can be seen as exclusionary to students underrepresented in medicine, and may result in decreased well-being and adversely affect academic performance. Student-led activism has resulted in recent changes to these walls, including the addition of images of women faculty, and artwork by students, faculty, and staff.

Prevalence of inadequate vitamin D level and its predictors in children presenting with torus fractures.

Background: Review of the published articles does not show any study done to see if children with torus fracture are with Vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this study was to determine association of inadequacy of Vitamin D level with torus fracture and its predictors in children in Karachi Pakistan.

Methods: Patient underage of 13 years came with torus fracture were included in study, and managed non-operatively with below elbow cast.

Medication for opioid use disorder in the Arab World: A systematic review.

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a global public health concern. The standard of care for OUD involves treatment using medications such as buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone. No known review exists to assess the contextual factors associated with medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in the Arab World.

Onsite Triage, Pre-Hospital Management And Effective Hospital Transportation "Where Do We Stand?".

Background: To improve morbidity and mortality outcomes in mass casualty victims it is pertinent that a system of prehospital triage be implemented. The objectives of this study are to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of emergency care transporters and ambulance personnel towards onsite triage, pre-hospital management and transportation to hospital of critically injured and wounded patients in mass casualty incidents and other emergencies in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: All ambulance personnel and emergency care transporters who transported patients to the hospital were included in the study.

Osteoporosis: Prevalence, awareness and pertinent risk factors in a cohort of elderly Asian population presenting with low-energy distal radius fractures.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the awareness of osteoporosis and related risk factors in elderly Asian patients who present with distal radius fractures. The distal radius fracture is one of the most frequent fractures in the elderly cohort, owing to osteoporosis, and maybe a harbinger for further fractures, however, data is scarce regarding awareness of this condition among these patients.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged 45 and above that presented in the emergency department with low-energy distal radial fractures in Karachi from January-December 2018.

Educational intervention against biological racism.

Introduction: Biological race, the fallacy that racial health disparities reflect differences in human biology, exerts undue influence on medicine. Interventions that teach against this myth are largely absent from required medical curricula. Here, we describe and present student and facilitator evaluations of an educational intervention, organised around Dorothy Roberts' book Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-Create Race in the Twenty-First Century that included a discussion of preselected chapters from Fatal Invention, case studies illustrating strategies to prevent the misuse of race in medicine and a question-and-answer session with Dorothy Roberts.

Primary trauma care course: Alternative basic trauma course in developing countries. "The Need Of The Hour".

Objective: Low- and middle-income countries account for over 90% of all road traffic injury deaths. Despite this, formal training in trauma management is not widely adopted in these countries. No specific training was available in prehospital or emergency department for life support before primary trauma care (PTC) course.

Does malnutrition in clubfoot patients affect Ponseti technique and its outcome?

Objectives: Malnutrition is a crucial health problem predominantly in the developing countries. Malnutrition in children is one of the main risk factors for diseases and mortality. Club foot or congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is the most common form of congenital orthopaedic abnormality.

Experimental Investigation of Optimal Relay Position for Magneto-Inductive Wireless Sensor Networks.

Magneto-inductive (MI) waveguide technology is often proposed to increase the MI communication distance without adding significant cost and power consumption to the wireless sensor network. The idea is to add intermediate relaying nodes between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) to relay the information from Tx to Rx. Our study of MI wave-guides has realized that adding a relay node improves the communication distance, however, the performance is greatly dependent on the position of the relaying node in the network.

Use of social media while driving from an orthopedic resident's perspective.

Purpose: To investigate the orthopedic injuries sustained while driving and using social media on cellular phones from an orthopedic resident's perspective.

Methods: A total of 118 patients who presented with a history of road traffic accident secondary to social media usage and suffered from fractures were included in this cross-sectional study. These patients were reported from October 2018 to April 2019.

Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures: Primary Fixation Using the Ilizarov External Fixator. A Two-year Study at Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan.

Background The proximal tibia with the meta-diaphysis junction is a critical weight-bearing area. An injury around this region may be restricted to the tibia or associated with a significant soft-tissue injury. The objective of the present study is to assess the results of closed reduction and Ilizarov external fixation in the management of complex tibial plateau fractures.

Effectiveness Of Plain Shoulder Radiograph In Detecting Degenerate Rotator Cuff Tears.

Background: Studies have demonstrated radiographic findings of sclerosis and cortical irregularity at the greater tuberosity can suggest a rotator cuff tear. Plain radiographs are the most easily attainable first-line investigations in evaluating shoulder injuries. This study determines the effectiveness in predicting degenerate rotator cuff tears by detecting radiographic changes on shoulder x-rays.

Assessment Of Safety Levels In Operation Rooms At Two Major Tertiary Care Public Hospitals Of Karachi. "Safe Surgery Saves Life".

Background: The objectives of this study are to determine the knowledge and attitude towards surgical safety among the health care professionals including surgeons, anaesthetist, hospital administrators, and operation room personnel and raise awareness towards the importance of safe surgery.

Methods: A pilot cross- sectional study of 543 healthcare providers working in the operating rooms and the surgical intensive care units was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals, within a study period of one month. A structured questionnaire was constructed and an informed verbal consent was taken.

Qing-Qi Rickshaw : A Boon Or Bane For Public Transportation? A Study Of Road Traffic Injury Patterns Involving Qing-Qi Rickshaws In Karachi Pakistan.

Background: The three-wheeler Qing-qi and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) auto-rickshaws were introduced in Karachi to meet the transportation demand of the growing population. These vehicles have directly or indirectly been implicated in a number of road traffic violations as well as road accidents. This study aims to describe the crash characteristics and injury patterns for Qing-qi rickshaw occupants and other road users hit by Qing-qi rickshaw in Karachi, Pakistan.

Giant cell tumour of foot bones - 25 years experience in a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To determine the incidence of giant cell tumour in foot, its clinical features, stage of tumour, treatment and outcome of surgery.

Methods: This retrospective case series study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, and comprised cases of giant cell tumour of foot bones diagnosed between January 1990 and March 2015. Tumour Incidence, type of procedure and results were recorded on a proforma and analysed for function outcome and recurrence.