Targeting the Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Lung Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges.

Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, is a leading cause of global mortality, with many cases diagnosed at advanced stages. The Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in linking inflammation to lung cancer progression, with both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects. This perspective delves into the complex functions of TLR proteins in lung cancers, elucidating their involvement in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis.

The Impact of VAMP1 Mutations on Synaptic Vesicle Fusion Dynamics in Familial Spastic Disorders.

Synaptic vesicle fusion is a process that involves the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft. is a protein that mediates synaptic vesicle fusion by forming a complex with other proteins on the presynaptic membrane. Mutations in have been recently identified as a cause of a rare form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), a group of genetic disorders characterized by the gradual development of muscle stiffness and weakness in the lower extremities.

Prognostic Significance of Lymph Node Yield on Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Patients With Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Background Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SB-NETs) are increasingly recognized gastrointestinal neoplasms with distinct biological behavior and a high tendency for lymphatic spread. Accurate pathological staging, particularly lymph node yield (LNY), plays a pivotal role in determining prognosis and guiding treatment strategies. Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of lymph node yield and other clinicopathological features in relation to disease-free and overall survival in patients with SB-NETs.

Erratum to: Risk assessment of amine-based anti-hypertensive drugs for the possible presence of N-nitroso dimethyl amine by a verified GC-MS method.

The Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences notifies the corrected affiliation of the authors (mentioned above) as per their request. doi: 10.36721/PJPS.

Multimodal impact of copper-silicon hybrid nanotools towards bacterial leaf streak, wheat biochemistry and productivity parameters.

Wheat production is substantially harmed by biotic and abiotic stress. Among biotic stresses, bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of wheat caused by bacterium Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu) induces crop yield losses up to 10-40%.

Pyrene-based hole transport materials for efficient perovskite solar cells.

In the past few years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained a lot of attention and become a well-known topic in solar studies due to their lower manufacturing costs and improved efficiencies. Previously utilized hole transport materials (HTMs), such as poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] and 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene, are challenging due to their high price, complicated synthesis, limited carrier mobility, and poor device stability. Developing HTMs for PSCs that are inexpensive and high-performance has gained much interest.

Oxygen evolution reaction on IrO(110) is governed by Walden-type mechanisms.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key process for sustainable energy, although renewable sources require the use of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, with IrO-based materials being the gold standard under anodic polarization conditions. However, even for the (110) facet of a single-crystalline IrO model electrode, the reaction mechanism is not settled yet due to contradictory reports in literature. In the present manuscript, we disentangle the conflicting results of previous theoretical studies in the density functional theory approximation.

Risk assessment of amine-based anti-hypertensive drugs for the possible presence of N-nitroso dimethyl amine by a verified GC-MS method.

Recently recalled drugs by FDA were analyzed in common features and most of them had nitrosamine moiety. found to contain amine group in their structure. Their long term use make them susceptible for different diseases especially cancer.

Role of Combined MPFL Reconstruction and Lateral Retinacular Release in Lateral Patellar Instability.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the combined medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) and reconstruction release in lateral patellar instability in terms of radiological and functional outcomes following the procedure.

Study Design: A retrospective observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Orthopaedics, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from January 2019 to January 2024.

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticancer properties of triptolide and its derived carbonized nanomaterials.

The COVID-19 pandemic remains an ongoing global health threat, yet effective treatments are still lacking. This has led to a high demand for complementary/alternative medicine, such as Chinese herbal medicines for curbing the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the dual anticancer and antiviral activities of many herbal drugs, they may hold a multifaceted potential to tackle both cancer and SARS-CoV-2.

Cul2 Is Essential for the IMD Signaling-Mediated Antimicrobial Immune Defense.

Cullin 2 (Cul2), a core component of the Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is integral to regulating distinct biological processes. However, its role in innate immune defenses remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of Cul2 in the immune deficiency (IMD) signaling-mediated antimicrobial immune reactions in (fruit fly).

Outcome Of Arthroscopic Non-Anatomic Repair Of Massive Rotator Cuff Tear: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: The aim was to assess the clinical outcome of non-anatomic rotator-cuff repair in large tears not amenable to anatomic repair and to assess the preoperative factors that affect the result of such repairs. A retrospective case-series at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Twenty-seven cases that underwent non-anatomic rotator-cuff repair at GTTH over the last 5 years and met inclusion criteria were assessed over a three-month study period (from 01/10/2023 to 31/12/2023).

A machine learning model for detecting and quantifying tropical cyclone related disturbance and recovery in estuaries.

Tropical cyclones have a significant impact on estuaries, resulting in deteriorating water quality, changes in phytoplankton productivity, as well as scouring and physical harm to mangroves and other vegetation. Furthermore, they have the potential to impede, pause, or even reverse ecosystem restoration and management efforts. As such, it is crucial to devise methods for detecting and measuring the severity of estuarine disturbances caused by tropical cyclones.

Microplastic contamination in commercial food and drink products and associated risk of potential human intake in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Extensive production and utilization of plastics have resulted in the subsequent accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the environment, which has become a serious threat to human health globally. Therefore, in this study, 112 drinks and food products were purchased from local markets in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and the abundance of MPs was investigated. The dominant size of MPs was 101-250 μm for tuna fish, noodles, bottled water, and disposable containers, 251-500 μm for honey, tea bags, and sugar, and 501-1000 μm for salt, juice, and soft drink samples.

From pollutant to purifier: Leveraging plastic waste-derived activated carbon for sustainable water remediation solutions.

The ubiquitous presence of plastic waste presents a significant environmental challenge, characterized by its persistence and detrimental impacts on ecosystems. The valorization of plastic waste through conversion into high-value carbon materials offers a promising circular economy approach. This review critically examines the potential of plastic waste-derived activated carbon (PAC) as a sustainable and effective adsorbent for water remediation.

Design Criteria for Active and Selective Catalysts in the Nitrogen Oxidation Reaction.

The direct conversion of dinitrogen to nitrate is a dream reaction to combine the Haber-Bosch and Ostwald processes as well as steam reforming using electrochemistry in a single process. Regrettably, the corresponding nitrogen oxidation (NOR) reaction is hampered by a selectivity problem, since the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is both thermodynamically and kinetically favored in the same potential range. This opens the search for the identification of active and selective NOR catalysts to enable nitrate production under anodic reaction conditions.

Antibody-drug conjugates targeting SSEA-4 inhibits growth and migration of SSEA-4 positive breast cancer cells.

Although breast cancer treatment has evolved significantly in recent years, drug resistance remains a major challenge. To identify new targets for breast cancer, we found that stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA-4) is expressed in all subtypes of breast cancer cell lines, and the increased expression of the associated enzymes β3GalT5 and ST3Gal2 correlates with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) in breast cancer. We also found that SSEA-4 antibodies can be rapidly internalized into breast cancer cells, a property that makes SSEA-4 an attractive target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Model-free current control solution employing intelligent control for enhanced motor drive performance.

The study presents an intelligent, model-free current control strategy that eliminates the need for explicit plant models while efficiently reducing the effect of plant parameter perturbation. By employing a data-driven approach with fewer input features, the proposed scheme reduces the computational burden during training while maintaining high control performance. Unlike conventional model predictive current control (MPCC), which is computationally expensive because of solving optimization problems at each sample time, and requires precise plant models, the proposed method enhances system performance by addressing plant model discrepancies through data-driven techniques.

Highly selective and reusable nanoadsorbent based on FeO-embedded sodium alginate-based hydrogel for cationic dye adsorption: Adsorption interpretation using multiscale modeling.

This study aims to develop a stable and efficient magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel (MNCH) for selective removal of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV). MNCHs with different FeO contents (0-9 wt%) were synthesized following graft co-polymerization method using sodium alginate, acrylamide, itaconic acid, ammonium persulfate and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide. Among them, MNCH, with 5 wt% FeO, showed highest removal efficiency (>95 %).

MXenes Spontaneously Form Active and Selective Single-Atom Centers under Anodic Polarization Conditions.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as a new class of materials for the development of active and selective catalysts. These materials are commonly based on anchoring a noble transition metal to some kind of carrier. In the present work, we demonstrate that MXenes─two-dimensional materials with application in energy storage and conversion─spontaneously form SAC-like sites under anodic polarization conditions, using the applied electrode potential as a probe to form catalytically active surface sites reminiscent of a SAC-like structure.

VALIDITY OF LELLI'S TEST IN DIAGNOSING ACUTE ACL INJURY AND ITS COMPARISON WITH THE OTHER CONVENTIONAL CLINICAL EXAMS.

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a vital structure in the knee responsible for preventing anterior translation; and countering rotational and valgus stress. The anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the ACL, which are distinguished by their attachments at the tibia and femur, respectively, make up the ACL. The study is designed to evaluate the diagnostic parameters of lever sign in acute settings when compared against MRI as investigation of choice and compare them with the conventional tests.

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis: a literature review and the advocacy for stem cell therapeutic interventions.

Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare genetic disorder affecting the autonomic nervous system, leading to an inability to feel pain, temperature, or sweat1. This condition is caused by mutations in the NTRK1 gene, which encodes a receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF). The lack of NGF signaling results in the improper development and function of sensory and sympathetic neurons.