Epidemiology of Lumpy Skin Disease virus in large ruminants of Potohar region, Pakistan.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a transboundary disease affecting large ruminants in different regions of the world including Asia, Europe and Africa. The current study investigated the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of LSD Virus (LSDV) in large ruminants of the Potohar region, Pakistan. For this purpose, a total of 800 blood samples were collected from large ruminants of the Potohar region including Rawalpindi, Attock, Jhelum and Chakwal from October-2022 to September-2023.

Instant Upcycling of Microplastics into Graphene and Its Environmental Application.

Microplastic pollution poses a growing threat to ecosystems globally, necessitating sustainable solutions. This study explores upcycling microplastics into graphene as a promising approach Traditional methods like pyrolysis and catalytic carbonization are slow and compromise graphene quality. Flash Joule heating is fast but energy-intensive and hard to control.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Common Femoral Endarterectomy With Profundoplasty: A Three-Year Single-Center Perspective.

Background: This study aims to synthesise recent findings on the outcomes of common femoral endarterectomy (CFE) with profundoplasty, evaluating the efficacy, complications, and predictors of long-term success in patients undergoing this procedure.

Patients And Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study assessing the outcomes of CFE with profundoplasty. All patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) who attended and underwent CFE with profundoplasty with or without iliac intervention at Glan Clwyd Hospital (Wales, United Kingdom) were studied.

Preoperative Multidisciplinary Team Huddle Improves Communication and Safety for Unscheduled Cesarean Deliveries: A System Redesign Using Improvement Science.

Background: Optimal communication between care teams is a critical component in providing safe, timely, and appropriate patient care. Labor and delivery (L&D) units experience rapidly changing clinical scenarios often requiring escalation in care and unplanned cesarean deliveries (CDs). The University of Cincinnati Medical Center (UCMC) is a 550-bed academic level 4 maternal care center with a 13-bed L&D unit in Cincinnati, OH.

A regional learning health system of congregate care facilities for COVID-19 response.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected congregate care (CC) facilities due to communal living, presence of vulnerable populations, inadequate preventive resources, and limited ability to respond to the pandemic's rapidly evolving phases. Most facilities function independently and are not organized for collaborative learning and operations.

Methods: We formed a learning health system of CC facilities in our 14-county metropolitan region, coordinated with public health and health care sectors, to address challenges driven by COVID-19.

Augmented Biphasic Breathing Using Sniff and an Oral Positive Expiratory Pressure Device (Sniff-PEP) in Fontan Patients.

The use of an oral positive expiratory pressure device (oPEP) with sniff breathing (Sniff-PEP) mimics biphasic ventilation. Biphasic ventilation increases pulmonary blood flow and cardiac output in Fontan patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Sniff-PEP on Fontan flow velocities.

Green synthesis of graphene for targeted recovery of silver from photovoltaic waste.

Atmospheric pressure microwave plasma can synthesize freestanding graphene in a few seconds at ambient conditions. Recent research has explored this method for the synthesis of graphene yet constrained by the utilization of toxic or non-renewable resources. This study aimed to substitute environmentally benign and sustainable precursors, synthesizing graphene from expired tangerine peel oil, an abundant natural source globally.

The role of chest computed tomography in the evaluation and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to compile recent data on the clinical associations of computed tomography (CT) scan findings in the literature and potential avenues for implementation into clinical practice.

Recent Findings: Airways dysanapsis, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary vascular metrics have all recently been associated with poor chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outcomes when controlled for clinically relevant covariables, including risk of mortality in the case of emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Other authors suggest that CT scan may provide insight into both lung parenchymal damage and other clinically important comorbidities in COPD.

Pulmonary Complications in Patients With Fontan Circulation: JACC Review Topic of the Week.

The Fontan operation has resulted in significant improvement in survival of patients with single ventricle physiology. As a result, there is a growing population of individuals with Fontan physiology reaching adolescence and adulthood. Despite the improved survival, there are long-term morbidities associated with the Fontan operation.

Resistance to Cypermethrin Is Widespread in Cattle Ticks () in the Province of Punjab, Pakistan: In Vitro Diagnosis of Acaricide Resistance.

Control of the cattle tick () mainly relies on chemical acaricides and cypermethrin is the most widely used acaricide in Pakistan. Farmers frequently complain about its low efficacy, thus, the present study was designed to quantify the frequency of cypermethrin resistance in cattle ticks. Engorged female were collected and tested for the efficacy of cypermethrin using the FAO-recommended larval packet test.

Single-Step Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Oxide from Aniline at Ambient Conditions.

Single-step, single-precursor synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (N-GO) was demonstrated in this work. By choosing aniline as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, N-GO films were fabricated using microwave plasma at a power as low as 80 W in atmospheric conditions. The aniline vapor dissociated under plasma formed islands of N-GO nanosheets on the substrates or walls of the quartz deposition chamber.

Predicting Adverse Events Among Patients With COPD Exacerbations in the Emergency Department.

Background: COPD exacerbations lead to excessive health care utilization, morbidity, and mortality. The Ottawa COPD Risk Scale (OCRS) was developed to predict short-term serious adverse events (SAEs) among patients in the emergency department (ED) with COPD exacerbations. We assessed the utility of the OCRS, its component elements, and other clinical variables for ED disposition decisions in a United States population.

Oral Positive Expiratory Pressure Device for Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse Caused by Emphysema.

Excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) contributes to breathlessness and reduced quality of life in individuals with emphysema. We tested a novel, portable, oral positive expiratory pressure (o-PEP) device in a patient with emphysema and EDAC. MRI revealed expiratory tracheal narrowing to 80 mm that increased to 170 mm with the o-PEP device.

Improving adherence to pulmonary hypertension screening in patients with systemic sclerosis: Overcoming the provider-level barriers.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a life-limiting complication in patients with systemic sclerosis. Current recommendations suggest a minimum screening of an annual transthoracic echocardiogram and pulmonary function test. We hypothesize that modifiable provider-level hurdles contribute to inadequate screening and can be alleviated.

Resting Borg score as a predictor of safe discharge of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the emergency department observation unit.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations (eCOPD) can be life-threatening and costly. Emergency department (ED) observation units (ED-Obs) offer short-term care to safely reduce preventable hospitalizations. Accurately identifying eCOPD patients who can be discharged safely will improve outcomes.

COPD Care Bundle in Emergency Department Observation Unit Reduces Emergency Department Revisits.

Background: COPD exacerbations lead to accelerated decline in lung function, poor quality of life, and increased mortality and cost. Emergency department (ED) observation units provide short-term care to reduce hospitalizations and cost. Strategies to improve outcomes in ED observation units following COPD exacerbations are needed.

Multidisciplinary Team Utilizing Pharmacists in Multimodal, Bundled Care Reduce Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospital Readmission Rates.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major contributor of morbidity and mortality in the United States resulting in high hospitalization and readmission rates. For health systems, identifying an effective strategy to reduce COPD readmissions has remained difficult. Multiple COPD care bundles have been developed with varying degrees of success.

Pragmatic Challenge of Sustainability: Long-Term Adherence to COPD Care Bundle Maintains Lower Readmission Rate.

Unlabelled: Long-term sustainability of successful improvement initiatives remains a pragmatic challenge with limited literature guidance. A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) care bundle was developed and implemented to mitigate care-delivery failures and unmet patient needs at University of Cincinnati Medical Center that led to a 35% reduction in 30-day all-cause readmissions. Here, two-year outcomes and the method of achieving sustainability are presented.

Manometry Optimized Positive Expiratory Pressure (MOPEP) in Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse (EDAC).

Background: Positive expiratory pressure(PEP) breathing modalities are commonly prescribed in obstructive lung diseases, however practical methods of airway pressures(AP) quantification for therapeutic efficacy are lacking. Excessive dynamic airway collapse(EDAC) is characterized by expiratory central airway collapse leading to dyspnea and poor quality of life(QoL), with limited therapeutic options.

Purpose: To measure AP and exertional dyspnea in EDAC patients during normal breathing and with use of pursed-lip breathing(PLB), nasal PEP device(nPEP), and oral-PEP valve(oPEP) during rest and exercise using an Esophageal Manometer.

Reliable adherence to a COPD care bundle mitigates system-level failures and reduces COPD readmissions: a system redesign using improvement science.

Background: Readmissions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have devastating effects on patient quality-of-life, disease progression and healthcare cost. Effective interventions to reduce COPD readmissions are needed.

Objectives: Reduce 30-day all-cause readmissions by (1) creating a COPD care bundle that addresses care delivery failures, (2) using improvement science to achieve 90% bundle adherence.

A Tablet-Based Multimedia Education Tool Improves Provider and Subject Knowledge of Inhaler Use Techniques.

Background: Although inhaled medications are effective therapies for COPD, many patients and providers use them incorrectly.

Methods: We recruited providers who prescribe inhalers or teach inhaler technique and assessed their use of metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), various dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and Respimat using predefined checklists. Then they watched tablet-based multimedia educational videos that demonstrated correct inhaler technique by a clinical pharmacist with teach-back from a patient and were re-evaluated.

Long acting muscarinic antagonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review of current and developing drugs.

Long acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMA) reverse airflow obstruction by antagonizing para-sympathetic bronchoconstricting effects within the airways. For years, tiotropium, has been the cornerstone LAMA for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. Recently, new agents, aclidinium bromide, glycopyrronium bromide, and umeclidinium bromide, have been developed and introduced into clinical practice.