Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant growth and disease management for sustainable agriculture.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the basis symbionts in terrestrial ecosystems, profoundly influencing plant development, nutrient acquisition, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review synthesizes current systematic understandings of AMF-mediated augmentation of plant growth and disease resistance, with a particular emphasis on their role in sustainable crop production. AMF improves host plant performance through enhanced phosphorus, nitrogen, and water uptake via extensive extraradical hyphal networks.

Unravelling agronomic performance and genetic diversity of newly developed maize inbred lines for arid conditions.

Investigating genetic diversity of maize inbred lines is crucial for enhancing breeding for higher yields, resilience, and ensuring sustainable maize production amidst climate change and the rapidly growing global population. This study aimed to evaluate the phenological attributes, plant stature, ear characteristics, and grain yield of 14 newly developed Egyptian maize inbred lines across three growing seasons under arid conditions in Egypt. Furthermore, the assessment of the genetic diversity among these lines using three molecular marker techniques: start codon targeted (SCoT), conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP), sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP).

Flag leaf metabolomics and agronomic performance in rice cultivars under nitrogen-potassium fertilization.

Rice is a substantial cereal crop and staple food in several world regions. Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are key to increasing rice growth and development, ultimately increasing the farmer's net profit. Environmental pollution also results from the careless application of nitrogenous fertilizers for commercial agricultural cultivation.

Eco-friendly role of serratia marcescens and pseudomonas fluorescens in enhancing rice growth and mitigating cadmium toxicity via uptake modulation and antioxidant regulation.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer sustainable means to enhance crop resilience under environmental stress, including heavy metal toxicity. Understanding their role in mitigating such stresses is vital for advancing biotechnological strategies aimed at food security and sustainable agriculture. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of single and/or combined application of different levels [10 and 20 ppm] of Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas fluorescens on Cd accumulation, morpho-physio-biochemical attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.

Genetic variability and trait associations for physiological and agronomic characteristics in bread wheat genotypes under drought stress and well-watered conditions.

Drought is a critical abiotic stress significantly reducing global wheat production, especially under climate fluctuations. Investigating wheat genetic variability using physiological and agronomic characteristics is essential for advancing breeding to enhance drought resilience and ensure sustainable production in light of global population growth. The genetic diversity and associations among traits of fourteen diverse genotypes of bread wheat in drought-stressed and well-watered conditions were studied, focusing on physiological and agronomic responses.

Interactive effects of soil moisture and temperature on chromium-induced microbial and enzymatic stress.

Climatic conditions play a critical role in soil health, as changes in temperature and moisture directly impact soil microbial populations. The presence of potentially toxic elements, particularly chromium (Cr), poses a significant threat to microbial communities and can alter soil chemical properties. Current study investigated the effects of Cr toxicity under varying soil volumetric water contents (30% and 40%) and temperature (25 °C and 40 °C) on microbial biomass and enzyme activities.

Combating desertification: comprehensive strategies, challenges, and future directions for sustainable solutions.

Desertification, a process through which once fertile and productive land is degraded into barren, arid desert, represents a significant environmental challenge with widespread consequences for ecosystems and human populations globally. This review explores the fundamental causes of desertification, its profound environmental and socio-economic impacts, and the strategies employed to combat it. We address the diverse range of approaches aimed at mitigating the effects of desertification, in particular the importance of sustainable land management practices, such as reforestation and soil conservation.

Biodiversity and Evaluation of Genetic Resources of Some Coffee Trees Grown in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.

The biodiversity of 12 coffee ( L.) cultivars collected from the Al-Baha region in the southwest of Saudi Arabia was evaluated using 25 morphological variations and genetic diversity as demonstrated by molecular polymorphism generated by eight Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) and nine Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) primers. Substantial variations were scored in the morphological traits reflected in the clustering of the examined cultivars in PCA of the coffee cultivars.

The Combination Effect of Strain (AUMC 10620) and Avermectin (B1a and B1b) on Control Citrus Nematode (Cobb) Under Laboratory and Field Conditions.

This study investigates the nematicidal efficacy of strain (AUMC 10620) combined with avermectin (B1a and B1b) against the citrus nematode , both in vitro and in vivo. Laboratory experiments tested four concentrations of (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 × 10 spores/mL) mixed with 250 ppm avermectin, assessing their effects on nematode juveniles (J2) and eggs.

Enhancing soybean germination and vigor under water stress: the efficacy of bio-priming with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and gum arabic.

Seed priming can significantly enhance the tolerance of soybean against different environmental stresses by improving seed water uptake and modulating stress-response mechanisms. In particular, seed priming with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) and gum Arabic (GA) can support seeds to withstand extreme conditions better, promoting more consistent germination and robust seedling establishment, which is crucial for achieving stable agricultural yields. The present study investigated the effects of seed priming using a combination of SCMC and GA (10% CG) on the germination, growth, and biochemical responses of six soybean varieties under drought and flooding stress conditions.

Combined application of methyl jasmonate and Bacillus subtilis LLCG89 suppresses blue and green mold of lemon (Citrus limon L.).

Background: Bacillus species produce antimicrobial lipopeptides (LPs) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induces resistance in harvested fruits against postharvest pathogens. However, there is limited evidence of the combined efficacy of Bacillus LPs and MeJA to suppress postharvest diseases.

Results: This study presents the combined effect of Bacillus LPs and MeJA to suppress P.

Melatonin induces drought stress tolerance by regulating the physiological mechanisms, antioxidant enzymes, and leaf structural modifications in L.

Melatonin is considered an effective bio-stimulant that is crucial in managing several abiotic stresses including drought. However, its potential mechanisms against drought stress in fragrant roses are not well understood. Here, we aim to investigate the role of melatonin on plants cultivated under drought stress (40 % field capacity) and normal irrigation (80 % field capacity).

Molecular basis of resistance to leaf spot disease in oil palm.

Introduction: Leaf spot disease caused by the fungal pathogen is one of the most common diseases found in oil palm () nurseries in South East Asia, and is most prevalent at the seedling stage. Severe infections result in localized necrotic regions of leaves that rapidly spread within nurseries leading to poor quality seedlings and high economic losses.

Methods: To understand the molecular mechanisms of this plant-pathogen interaction, RNA-Seq was used to elucidate the transcriptomes of three oil palm genotypes with contrasting pathogen responses (G10 and G12, resistant and G14, susceptible) following infection with spores.

Mitigation of cadmium stress by salicylic acid: Physiological and biochemical responses in NM-2006, NM-92, and Mash-88 mung bean varieties.

Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental pollutant that adversely affects plant growth and productivity, creating a need for effective mitigation strategies. This study aims to evaluate the impact of salicylic acid (SA) priming on the physio-biochemical characteristics of three mung bean varieties (Vigna radiata L.), namely NM-2006, NM-92, and Mash-88, under Cd stress.

Harmful impacts of microplastic pollution on poultry and biodegradation techniques using microorganisms for consumer health protection: A review.

Microplastics (MPs) are small plastic particles less than five millimeters in size. Microplastic pollution poses a serious threat to ecosystems, affecting both biotic and abiotic components. Current techniques used to eliminate microplastics include recycling, landfilling, incineration, and biodegradation.

Next generation plant biostimulants & genome sequencing strategies for sustainable agriculture development.

The best environment for plant growth and development contains certain essential metabolites. A broad category of metabolites known as "plant biostimulants" (PBs) includes biomolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and other secondary metabolites related to groups of terpenes, specific nitrogen-containing compounds, and benzene ring-conjugated compounds. The formation of biomolecules depends on both biotic and abiotic factors, such as the release of PB by plants, animals, and microorganisms, or it can result from the control of temperature, humidity, and pressure in the atmosphere, in the case of humic substances (HSs).

Impact of adding zeolite to broilers' diet and litter on growth, blood parameters, immunity, and ammonia emission.

This work was designed to assess the impact of varying zeolite concentrations in diet and litter to enhance broiler's growth performance, immunity, and litter quality. A complete random arrangement was used for distributing 525 unsexed "Cobb 500" broiler chicks into seven treatments (75 chick / treatment), each treatment divided into 3 replicates (25 chicks / replicate). The 1st group (control one) received the recommended basal diet.

Effects of immersing Japanese quail eggs in various doses of riboflavin on reproductive, growth performance traits, blood indices and economics.

This investigation aimed to evaluate the impact of immersion (IM) riboflavin treatment on the hatchability, production efficiency, and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail eggs. A total of 260 eggs of Japanese quail birds were used for hatching and were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 5 replicates (13 eggs/replicate) in a fully randomized design. Hatching eggs were immersed in riboflavin for 2 min before incubation.

Exploring the biochemical dynamics in faba bean (Vicia faba L. minor) in response to Orobanche foetida Poir. parasitism under inoculation with different rhizobia strains.

In Tunisia, Orobanche foetida Poir. is considered an important agricultural biotic constraint on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production.

Impact of packaging atmosphere, oregano essential oil, and storage temperature on cold-adapted Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium on ready-to-eat smoked turkey.

The hazard of diseases created by S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium is relatively high in turkey meat products.

The potential of durum wheat-chickpea intercropping to improve the soil available phosphorus status and biomass production in a subtropical climate.

The intercropping system is a promising approach to augmenting the soil nutrient status and promoting sustainable crop production. However, it is not known whether intercropping improves the soil phosphorus (P) status in alluvial soils with low P under subtropical climates. Over two growing seasons--2019-2020 and 2020-2021--two experimental fields were employed to explore the effect of durum wheat (Dw) and chickpea (Cp) cropping systems on the soil available P.

Does the marketing age impact growth performance, carcass traits, economic feasibility and hemato-biochemical properties of genetically-modified quails?

The meat of the quail is one of the most delicious types, as it is rich in minerals and vitamins, especially vitamin K, which is useful in treating nervous diseases. In the present investigation, based on their live body weight, 270 genetically-enhanced white quail chicks of mixed sex were randomly assigned to 3 groups, each with 90 chicks. The first group's birds were slaughtered at 28 d of age.

Nanoparticles and Chemical Inducers: A Sustainable Shield against Onion White Rot.

This study investigated the effectiveness of nanoparticles and chemical inducers in managing onion white rot caused by . The pathogen severely threatens onion cultivation, resulting in significant yield losses and economic setbacks. Traditional fungicides, though effective, raise environmental concerns, prompting a shift toward eco-friendly alternatives.

Does the dietary supplementation of organic nano-zinc as a growth promoter impact broiler's growth, carcass and meat quality traits, blood metabolites and cecal microbiota?

The present investigation aimed to examine the impact of different dietary organic zinc nanoparticle (ZnNP) levels on gut bacteria, meat quality, growth performance, carcass traits, and blood indicators of broilers. A total of 180 unsexed one-wk broiler chicks (Cobb) were allotted to 3 experimental groups and received a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.2, and 0.