Neurofilament light chain in Alzheimer's disease.

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a sensitive marker of neuroaxonal injury with growing clinical relevance in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Across cohorts, blood and CSF NfL concentrations are higher in AD than controls, with reported 1.7-1.

Rare phenotype of juxtaepiphyseal osteochondroma of the proximal phalanx and its management: A case report.

Background: Osteochondroma of the hand and phalanges is rare. Although rare, solitary phalangeal osteochondromas can result in pain, cosmetic deformity, compression of nearby neurovascular structures and tendons, or functional limitation of adjacent joints that warrant surgical correction when symptomatic. At times, involvement of the growth plate by juxtaepiphyseal exostosis can cause angulation deformity, necessitating corrective osteotomy.

Impact of a training program for community health officers on neurological disorders: insights from the Karnataka brain health initiative.

Background: Neurological disorders pose a substantial burden on India's healthcare system, contributing significantly to disability and mortality. In rural areas, where access to specialists availability is limited, Community Health Officers (CHOs) play a crucial role in bridging the gap in care. However, the lack of structured training programs for CHO's in neurological disorder management highlights an urgent need for targeted capacity-building interventions.

Biochemical validation for the therapeutic use of Plumeria rubra in coagulation disorders: a study combining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches.

Local healers in South Asia use Plumeria rubra Linn. leaves to treat various coagulation disorders in animals and humans. This study (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) aimed to explore the pharmacological basis for the possible thrombolytic and anticlotting properties of the leaf extract of P.

Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation - Comparison of intravesical versus extravesical techniques in the management of unilateral primary vesicoureteral reflux in children: Does approach matter?

Aims/introduction: Laparoscopic extravesical and intravesical (transvesicoscopic) ureteral reimplantation are widely accepted procedures but there is limited literature on comparison of these techniques. This study compares the efficacy and outcomes of laparoscopic intravesical and extravesical ureteral reimplantation for unilateral primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analysed the case records of 62 children between ages of 1 and 18 years who underwent laparoscopic unilateral ureteral reimplantation at our institute between January 2019 and January 2023.

Resveratrol: a potential alternative therapeutic agent for patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

This review explores the therapeutic potential of resveratrol, focusing on its molecular and cellular effects on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), bioavailability enhancement strategies, and development challenges for applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and postharvest sectors. Resveratrol protects lungs by activating SIRT1, reducing oxidative stress via ROS regulation through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes. It shows promise as an alternative to corticosteroids in COPD and cancer treatment.

Development and Validation of a Class Imbalance-Resilient Cardiac Arrest Prediction Framework Incorporating Multiscale Aggregation, ICA and Explainability.

Objective: Despite advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) for predicting cardiac arrest (CA) with multivariate time-series vital signs data, existing models continue to face significant problems, particularly concerning balance, efficiency, accuracy, and explainability. While neural networks have been proposed to extract multiscale features from raw data in various applications, to our knowledge, no work has utilized multiscale feature extraction, specifically for diagnostic CA prediction. This paper presents a new framework that tackles these difficulties by utilizing multiscale feature aggregation via Independent Component Analysis (ICA).

Satisfaction With Teleneurology in Low Resource Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Patients and Healthcare Providers.

Background And Objectives: Teleneurology has become instrumental in extending neurologic care in remote and underserved areas, enhancing access, and potentially improving patient outcomes while reducing costs. This study evaluates the satisfaction of both patients and healthcare providers with teleneurology services for common neurological disorders.

Methods: In this single-center, prospective observational study, 58 patients suffering from headache, epilepsy, stroke, or dementia were recruited through the "Karnataka Brain Health Initiative.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People with Dementia and their Caregivers: A Multiphase Observational Study from India.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had multifaceted and enduring impacts on people with dementia and their caregivers; however, our understanding of the long-term outcomes remains limited. We aimed to explore the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive symptoms and vaccination rates in people living with dementia.

Methods: This study was conducted as a part of a longitudinal study design in two specialized hospitals in South India.

Is freeze-dried superfood kale supplementation healthier than common green peas? Outcomes of a cross-over trial.

Kale ( species) is considered a functional food whose macronutrient and phytochemical contents are considered beneficial and widely considered as a superfood. In the present 6-week cross-over trial with a 2-week washout period, we compared the beneficial effects of freeze-dried kale over peas among Arab women with obesity. A total of 124 Saudi women with obesity were allocated to receive either freeze-dried kale ( = 62) or freeze-dried peas ( = 62) given in the form of 3-gram sachets thrice daily for 2 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period and a cross-over of 4 weeks.

Unusual branch of the saphenous nerve to the sartorius muscle in a female cadaver.

Purpose: The saphenous nerve is a predominantly sensory nerve. It is the longest nerve of the body which supplies the skin of the medial side of the leg and foot as far as the ball of the great toe. We present here an unusual motor branch of the saphenous nerve to the sartorius muscle.

SAGES guidelines for the surgical treatment of hiatal hernias.

Background: Hiatal hernia (HH) is a common condition. A multidisciplinary expert panel was convened to develop evidence-based recommendations to support clinicians, patients, and others in decisions regarding the treatment of HH.

Methods: Systematic reviews were conducted for four key questions regarding the treatment of HH in adults: surgical treatment of asymptomatic HH versus surveillance; use of mesh versus no mesh; performing a fundoplication versus no fundoplication; and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus redo fundoplication for recurrent HH.

Enhancing ECG-based heart age: impact of acquisition parameters and generalization strategies for varying signal morphologies and corruptions.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive approach to capture the overall electrical activity produced by the contraction and relaxation of the cardiac muscles. It has been established in the literature that the difference between ECG-derived age and chronological age represents a general measure of cardiovascular health. Elevated ECG-derived age strongly correlates with cardiovascular conditions (e.

Hypoxia inducible factor 2α promotes tolerogenic macrophage development during cardiac transplantation through transcriptional regulation of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor.

Solid organ transplantation mobilizes myeloid cells, including monocytes and macrophages, which are central protagonists of allograft rejection. However, myeloid cells can also be functionally reprogrammed by perioperative costimulatory blockade to promote a state of transplantation tolerance. Transplantation tolerance holds promise to reduce complications from chronic immunosuppression and promote long-term survival in transplant recipients.

Association of VDR gene variant rs2228570-I with gestational diabetes mellitus susceptibility in Arab women.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variants have been associated with diabetes mellitus susceptibility and related complications. This study assessed the association between VDR gene polymorphism (rs2228570) and GDM risk among pregnant Arab women.

QbD Assisted Systematic Review for Optimizing the Selection of PVP as a Ternary Substance in Enhancing the Complexation Efficiency of Cyclodextrins: a Pilot Study.

Inclusion complexes require higher concentration of Beta cyclodextrins (βCD) resulting in increased formulation bulk, toxicity, and production costs. This systematic review offers a comprehensive analysis using Quality by design (QbD) as a tool to predict potential applications of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a ternary substance to address issues of inclusion complexes. We reviewed 623 documents from 2013 to 2023 and Eighteen (18) research papers were selected for statistical and meta-analysis using the QbD concept to identify the most critical factors for selecting drugs and effect of PVP on inclusion complexes.

Ulnar Buttress Arthroplasty without Ulnar Stump Stabilization for Giant Cell Tumor of Distal Ulna.

 Reconstruction and stabilization of ulnar stump after distal ulna tumor resection is still a matter of debate. We present the outcomes of ulnar buttress arthroplasty without stabilization of the ulna stump in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) of the distal ulna.  Evaluation of functional outcome was performed using Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 93 (MSTS93) score, Modified Mayo Wrist score (MMWS), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire.

SAGES guidelines for the use of laparoscopy during pregnancy.

Background: When pregnant patients present with nonobstetric pathology, the physicians caring for them may be uncertain about the optimal management strategy. The aim of this guideline is to develop evidence-based recommendations for pregnant patients presenting with common surgical pathologies including appendicitis, biliary disease, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) Guidelines Committee convened a working group to address these issues.

Predictive insights into plant-based compounds as fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 inhibitors: a combined molecular docking and dynamics simulation study.

The discovery of novel therapeutic agents with potent anticancer activity remains a critical challenge in drug development. Natural products, particularly bioactive phytoconstituents derived from plants, have emerged as promising sources for anticancer drug discovery. In this study, we used virtual screening techniques to explore the potential of bioactive phytoconstituents as inhibitors of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), a key signaling protein implicated in cancer progression.