Exploring Early Perceptions and Experiences of ChatGPT in Pediatric Critical Care: A Qualitative Study Among Health Care Professionals.

To optimize the deployment of Generative Artificial Intelligence in health care, it's essential for health care professionals (HCPs) to understand these technologies' capabilities and constraints. This study explores HCPs' initial impressions and experiences using ChatGPT, a Generative Pre-trained Transformer, in Pediatric Critical Care Units (PICUs). By conducting focus groups with a diverse set of HCPs, we aimed to assess their awareness, utilization, perceived benefits, and concerns about incorporating ChatGPT into their PICUs.

Prevalence and outcomes of acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A 16-year retrospective cohort study in Saudi Arabia.

ObjectiveAcute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with cirrhosis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. There is a considerable variation in the reported prevalence of AKI across studies. We provide a unique regional analysis, addressing gaps in AKI data in critically ill cirrhotic patients from the Middle East.

A two-hit model in biliary atresia: cooperative viral-bacterial activation of MMP7 via TLR4/NF-κB signaling.

Rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infection primes biliary epithelial cells to respond hyperactively to low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS), triggering upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) via TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Loss of endotoxin tolerance in biliary atresia (BA), associated with reduced expression of IRAK-M, leads to uncontrolled inflammation and tissue damage. MMP7 acts as a dual-function molecule, contributing to both extracellular matrix remodeling and amplification of inflammatory signaling in BA.

The Use of AI-Powered Thermography to Detect Early Plantar Thermal Abnormalities in Patients With Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Background: Diabetic foot problems are among the most debilitating complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes prevalence and complications, notably diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), continue to rise, challenging health care despite advancements in medicine. Traditional DFU detection methods face scalability issues due to inefficiencies in time and practical application, leading to high recurrence and amputation rates alongside substantial health care costs.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Importance: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure.

Objective: To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH.

Predictive Factors for the Discontinuation of Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a decline in kidney function. Acute kidney injury frequently occurs as a complication among patients who are hospitalized or critically ill. Consequently, we aimed to examine the factors that could predict the cessation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in individuals with severe AKI.

Relative, Conditional, and Overall Survival and Causes of Death in Patients With Glioblastoma: A Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background: Our goal in this manuscript was to perform a survival analysis and understand the causes of death (CODs) in patients with glioblastoma using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using version 8.3.

The increase in child abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: unmasking its hidden impact.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all areas of healthcare, raising concerns about delayed and inadequate care for non-COVID-19 conditions. Although previous reports found fewer hospital admissions due to child abuse during the pandemic, they found more pediatric cases with severe injuries, especially traumatic brain injuries, suggesting potential underreporting of child abuse cases. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated a constellation of risk factors predisposing both parents and children to an increased risk of child abuse.

An Academic Viewpoint (2025) on the Integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: Transforming Learning and Practices.

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has introduced a new era of medical education by offering innovative solutions to critical challenges in teaching, assessment, and clinical training. This expanded review explores the current and potential applications of GAI across multiple domains, including personalized tutoring, enhanced academic administrative efficiency, and improved preparedness for daily learning interactions. Utilizing a narrative review methodology combined with expert analysis, this study involved a structured literature search in January 2025 across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, followed by iterative brainstorming sessions and expert evaluations to assess the feasibility and impact of various GAI applications.

Public knowledge of food poisoning, risk perception and food safety practices in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional survey following foodborne botulism outbreak.

To investigate food poisoning knowledge, risk perception and safe food handling practices among Saudi Arabian public following foodborne botulism outbreak. A cross-sectional survey targeting the Saudi Arabian public between May 6 to 20, 2024, following the first foodborne botulism outbreak. Infectious disease and public health experts developed survey questions according to Saudi Public Health Authority and Ministry of Health (MOH) guidelines, and distributed surveys through social media.

New antibiotics targeting Gram-negative bacilli.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global threat. It increases mortality and morbidity rates and places a heavy burden on healthcare systems. Healthcare professionals can address the increasing issue of AMR by advocating responsible antibiotic use and supporting the development of new medications.

Comparison of Phenotypes of Headaches After COVID-19 Vaccinations Differentiated According to the Vaccine Used.

: In this ongoing, multicenter, global cohort observational study, phenotypes of headaches after COVID-19 vaccination were directly compared between different vaccines. : Phenotypes of postvaccinal headache were recorded in 18,544 participants. The study was launched immediately after the start of the global COVID-19 vaccination campaign on 12 January 2021 and continued until 1 August 2023.

Perceptions and Earliest Experiences of Medical Students and Faculty With ChatGPT in Medical Education: Qualitative Study.

Background: With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies, there is a growing interest in the potential use of artificial intelligence-based tools like ChatGPT in medical education. However, there is limited research on the initial perceptions and experiences of faculty and students with ChatGPT, particularly in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the earliest knowledge, perceived benefits, concerns, and limitations of using ChatGPT in medical education among faculty and students at a leading Saudi Arabian university.

DeepSeek in Healthcare: Revealing Opportunities and Steering Challenges of a New Open-Source Artificial Intelligence Frontier.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) has driven several advancements in healthcare, with large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's ChatGPT, Google's Gemini, and Microsoft's Copilot demonstrating potential in clinical decision support, medical education, and research acceleration. However, their closed-source architecture, high computational costs, and limited adaptability to specialized medical contexts remained key barriers to universal adoption. Now, with the rise of DeepSeek's DeepThink (R1), an open-source LLM, gaining prominence since mid-January 2025, new opportunities and challenges emerge for healthcare integration and AI-driven research.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Population-Level Factors Contributing to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Pediatric Intensive Care Survivors.

Objectives: In survivors of illnesses or surgeries requiring PICU admission, there is a risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We aimed to estimate PTSD prevalence and potential contributing factors in survivors of PICU admission.

Data Sources: We performed a PROSPERO registered systematic review (CRD42022348997; Registered August 2022) using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, 2000 to 2022, with no language restrictions.

Dual Viral Infections and Para-Pneumonic Effusion in a Pediatric Patient: A Case of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and COVID-19 Complication.

Para-pneumonic effusion in children is often associated with bacterial infections; however, dual viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and COVID-19, can also lead to severe respiratory complications, as demonstrated in this case. This case report presents the clinical course of a pediatric patient with both RSV and COVID-19 infections, leading to para-pneumonic effusion.  A three-year-old girl with a history of asthma and prior febrile convulsions presented to the Emergency Department with fever, cough, vomiting, and fatigue.

OpenAI's Sora and Google's Veo 2 in Action: A Narrative Review of Artificial Intelligence-driven Video Generation Models Transforming Healthcare.

The rapid evolution of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced transformative technologies across various domains, with text-to-video (T2V) generation models emerging as transformative innovations in the field. This narrative review explores the potential of T2V AI generation models used in healthcare, focusing on their applications, challenges, and future directions. Advanced T2V platforms, such as Sora Turbo (OpenAI, Inc.

IPNA clinical practice recommendations on care of pediatric patients with pre-existing kidney disease during seasonal outbreak of COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, instigated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has profoundly impacted healthcare infrastructures around the globe. While children are usually asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, children with pre-existing kidney conditions require specialized attention. This pivotal report, championed by the International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA), delivers precise and actionable recommendations tailored for pediatric patients with kidney ailments in this pandemic landscape.

Comparative Study Between Medical/Surgical Intensive Care Units vs. Mixed Intensive Care Units in Key Performance Indicators.

Background This comparative study evaluates the performance of medical/surgical and mixed intensive care units (ICUs) at a tertiary care university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using key performance indicators (KPIs). Since its establishment in 1982, the hospital has provided comprehensive medical services, including specialized, closed-model ICUs, including medical, surgical, and pediatric ICUs. In 2021, these ICUs transitioned to a mixed ICU model to enhance efficiency and patient care.

Efficacy of melatonin for treatment and prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review.

The purpose of this study was to systematically review the available literature evaluating the use of melatonin for preventing and treating neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A systematic review of studies examining the effect of melatonin on neonatal NEC was conducted. The databases of Medline, Scopus, WOS, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant studies.

Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children: Incidence and Outcomes.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major concern in pediatric critical care, often occurring in conjunction with sepsis. This study aimed to identify the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors for AKI in the context of pediatric sepsis. This was a bicentric retrospective cohort study conducted at two university hospitals in Saudi Arabia.